THE BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA. 
rufous, or buffy white to some of the inner median and greater coverts, the outer 
greater series, bastard- wing, and primary-coverts blackish more or less margined and 
tipped with white ; flight-quills dark brown slightly edged with whitish on the 
outer webs and buffy white on the inner ones ; middle tail-feathers dark brown 
fringed with buff, or buffy white, the outer ones blackish and tipped with cream- 
white ; lores dark brown ; a slightly indicated eyebrow buff ; throat white with 
minute dark shaft-streaks ; cheeks straw colour ; breast, and sides of body pale fawn 
colour with dark streaks and dots on the breast and pale grey cross-bars on the 
sides of the body ; thighs dusky grey ; middle of abdomen, vent and under tail- 
coverts white ; axillaries and under wing-coverts buffy white, a few dark brown 
marks on the margin of the wing ; under-surface of flight-quills hair-brown with 
buffy white margins ; lower aspect of tail dark brown with whitish tips to some 
of the outer feathers. Collected at Normanton, North Queensland, on the 6th of 
November, 1913. 
Immature male. Crown of head smoke-brown with subapical spots and white tips to the 
feathers ; hind-neck and mantle also smoke-brown with whitish tips to the feathers ; 
back, upper wing-coverts, scapulars, and upper tail-coverts coffee-brown fringed with 
white at the tips of the feathers ; median and greater upper wing-coverts blackish- 
brown fringed with white or buffy white ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and flight- 
quills margined with buffy white or fulvous ; middle tail-feathers bronze-brown with 
pale edgings, becoming blackish on the outer feathers some of which are tipped 
with cream-white, the outermost pair cream-white along the outer webs ; sides of 
face and ear-coverts pale fulvous ; throat, breast, abdomen, sides of the body and 
under tail-coverts white with dark shaft-streaks to the feathers which are somewhat 
broad on the breast and under tail-coverts and narrow on the throat and abdomen ; 
the fore-neck, breast, and sides of body strongly tinged with pale fulvous ; thighs 
similar but rather darker ; axillaries, under wing-coverts and inner margins of 
quills below cream-white, remainder of quills below pale brown ; lower aspect 
of tail blackish-brown with cream-white tips to some of the outer feathers which 
colour extends along the outer web of the outermost feather on each side. Eyes 
dark horn, gape orange, bill upper black, lower orange, feet slate. Collected at 
Frankston, Victoria, on the 12th of December, 1900. 
Immature female. Crown of head, hind-neck, back, upper tail-coverts, and lesser upper 
wing-coverts earth-brown with dark centres to the feathers on the crown ; the 
upper tail-coverts have subterminal dark bars and whitish tips to the feathers ; 
bastard-wing, median and greater coverts, primary-coverts and flight-quills darker 
than the back and inclining to blackish-brown, the inner webs of the flight-quills 
margined with buffy white on the basal portion ; the margins of the upper wing- 
coverts and of the secondary- quills becoming paler on the latter ; middle taii-feathers 
dark brown with pale edges and obsolete cross-bars, the lateral feathers inclining to 
blackish and broadly tipped with white ; base of fore-head, lores, and eyebrow 
pale buff ; chin and throat white like the under tail-coverts ; breast, abdomen, 
and sides of the body pale buff with indistinct bars of greyish-brown ; thighs brown ; 
axillaries and under wing-coverts cream colour ; quills below greyish-brown ; 
lower aspect of tail blackish with white tips to the feathers. Eyes brown ; feet 
slaty-black, bill blackish-brown, base of lower mandible light yellow. Collected 
at Horseshoe Bend, Finke River, Central Australia, on the 20th of August, 1913. 
Young (just out of nest). General colour of the upper-surface smoke-brown, including the 
top of the head, back, scapulars, lesser upper wing-coverts, and upper tail-coverts, 
darker on the crown and paler on the upper tail-coverts, the feathers edged with 
white, which imparts a barred appearance ; median upper wing-coverts dark brown 
with whitish tips, bastard-wing, greater coverts, primary-coverts, and flight, -q uill s 
blackish-brown margined with fulvous ; tail blackish-brown with pale tips to the 
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