THE BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA. 
Cincloramphus cruralis clelandi Mathews, Nov. Zool., Vol. XVIII., p. 338, Jan. 31, 1912 : 
Perth, West Australia ; id., List Birds Austr., p. 205, 1913. 
Cincloramphus cruralis rogersi Mathews, Nov. Zool., Vol. XVIII., p. 338, Jan. 31, 1912 : 
Derby, North-west Australia ; id., List Birds Austr., p. 205, 1913 ; id., South 
Austr. Ornith., Vol. 3, p. 140, 1918. 
Distribution. Australia generally, but rare or absent in extreme northern districts. 
Admit female. General colour above hair-brown with pale edges to the feathers, which 
vary from dark ochreous to grey or whitish tinged with grey on the hind-neck 
and . upper tail-coverts ; inner webs of flight-quills greyish-white on the basal 
portion ; tail-feathers margined with white ; lores whitish ; a dark spot in front 
of the eye ; ear-coverts pale brown with white shafts to the feathers ; chin and 
throat whitish with dark brown spots to some of the feathers on the latter ; breast, 
abdomen, sides of body and thighs drab-grey ; middle of abdomen, axillaries and 
under wing-coverts soot-brown, marginal-coverts and inner edges of quills below 
greyish-white, becoming darker towards the tips of the latter ; under tail-coverts 
isabelline with dark shaft-streaks ; lower aspect of tail pale greyish-brown with 
pale margins to the feathers. Bill horn, lower mandible whitish, tarsus brown, 
feet darker. Total length 185 mm. ; culmen 14, wing 86, tail 74, tarsus 30. 
Figured. Collected at Lake Yanchep, in West Australia, on the 14th of November 
1904. 
Adult male. General colour of the upper-surface dark hair-brown, with pale margins to 
the feathers, which vary in colour from ochreous to greyish- white, including the 
top of the head, back, wings and tail ; fore-part of the head, hind-neck, sides of 
neck, and upper tail-coverts tinged with grey ; inner webs of flight-quills for the 
greater part greyish-white on the basal portion ; a supraloral streak and eyelids 
whitish ; the space in front of the eye black and the feathers bristly in texture ; 
sides of face smoke-brown more or less intermixed with greyish-white ; chin greyish- 
white ; throat soot-brown, some of the feathers tipped with greyish-white ; breast 
dark olive-brown ; middle of abdomen soot-brown, becoming paler on the sides 
of the body ; thighs and under tail-coverts ochreous-buff with dark centres to 
some of the feathers ; axillaries and under wing-coverts soot-brown with pale 
tips to the marginal coverts ; greater series of under wing-coverts and under- 
surface of quills pale grey, becoming darker towards the tips of the latter ; lower 
aspect of tail greyish-brown. Bill black, tarsus brown, feet darker. Total length 
240 mm. ; culmen 15, wing 109, tail 91, tarsus 41. Figured. Collected at Derby, 
North-west Australia, and is the type of Cincloramphus cruralis rogersi. 
‘ ‘ Y oung males resemble the adult male in winter plumage, but the feathers of the upper-parts, 
including those of the rump, also the upper tail-coverts, are margined with sandy- 
fulvous ; an indistinct collar on the hind-neck velvety-brown, with dark brown 
centres to the feathers ; over the eye a fulvous stripe ; chin and throat dull white, the 
latter mottled with dark brown ; remainder of the under-surface dull brownish- white 
with small darker brown centres to the feathers, except those on the side of the 
breast, which have only indistinct streaks.” (North.) 
Nest. Cup-shaped, filling a hole in the ground, near a tuft of grass, and constructed of 
dried grass, lined with softer material, measurement 3 inches by 2 deep. 
Eggs. Clutch, three or four. Ground-colour salmon-pink, marked all over with, but 
forming a zone at the larger end, of pinkish-red. 23-24 mm. by 17. 
Breeding-season. June to December or January (February). 
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