xlXD COMPOSITION IN OEOANIC COMPOUNDS, 
261 
Table IV. 
Compound ethers Cn Hn O4. 
Formate of Methyl . 
Acetate of Methyl 
Formate of Ethyl .... 
Acetate of Ethyl 
Butyrate of Methyl . 
Acetate of Propyl 
Formate of Butyl 
Propionate of Ethyl . 
Valerate of Methyl . 
Butyrate of Ethyl .... 
Acetate of Butyl 
Formate of Amyl 
Valerate of Ethyl 
Butyrate of Propyl S 
Acetate of Amyl J 
Caproate of Ethyl 1 
Propionate of Amyl ... j 
Butyrate of Amyl 
Valerate of Amyl 1 
Acetate of Capryl J 
Pelargonate of Ethyl ... 1 
Caproate of Amyl J 
Laurostearate of Ethyl ... 
C4 H4 O4 
C, H3 O4 
Cs H, O4 
Cio Hio O4 
C12 O4 
C16 ^16 
Cis O4 
C20 Hjo O4 
p TT Q 
22 ^22 ^^4 
C23 ^23 O4 
Calculated. 
36 
55 
74 
93 
112 
131 
150 
169 
188 
207 
264 
Observed boiling-point. 
Kopp, Andrews, 33° ; Liebig, 36° — 38°. 
J Andrews, 55°; Kopp, 56°; Dumas and Peligot, 58°. 
[Liebig, Delffs, 53°; Kopp, 55°; Lowig, 56°. 
Dumas and Boullay, Pierre, Kopp, Delffs, 74°. 
fFavre and Silbermann, Delffs, 93°; Kopp, 95°; Pierre, 
J Berthelot, about 90°. [102°. 
j Wurtz, about 100°. 
(_Kopp, 96° — 98°; Limpricht and Uslar, 101°. 
[Kopp, 114°— 115°. 
J Pelouze, 110°; Delffs, 113°; Kopp, 115°; Pierre, 119°. 
] Wurtz, 114°. 
I Delffs, 114°; Kopp, about 116°. 
[Delffs, 132°; Otto, Kopp, Berthelot, 133° — 134°. 
< Berthelot, about 130°. 
[Cahours, 125°; Kopp, Delffs, 133°. 
fLerch, 120°; Fehling, l62°. 
[ W'rightson, about 155°. 
Delffs, 173°— 176°. 
r Kopp, 188°; Balard, about 196°. 
[Dachauer, 191°— 192°; Bouis, 193°. 
JCahours, 216°— 218°; Delffs, 224°. 
[Brazier and Gossleth, 211°. 
Gorgey, 264° ; Delffs, 269°. 
There can be no doubt that if the boiling-points of other alcohols, acids, and ethers 
belonging to these series were correctly observed, they also would agree within a few 
degrees with those obtained by calculation. 
The boiling-points given in Table I. are closely connected with those of other mon- 
atomic alcohols with two equivalents of oxygen, of other monobasic acids with four 
equivalents of oxygen, and of the ethers generated by these acids and alcohols. It is 
frequently observ ed that a compound of this kind, which, when compared with an analo- 
gous body of Table I., contains ^xC more or less, boils at a temperature ^xl4°‘5 
higher or lower, or (what amounts to the same thing) that it boils at a temperature 
XX 5° lower or higher, accordingly as it contains xx^ more or less. 
Benzoic acid, C,4H6 04, for example, contains 8C more than the acid C6H6O4, the 
boiling-point of which is stated in Table I. at 137°. Consequently the boiling-point 
of benzoic acid will be 137 + 8 x 14°'5 = 253. It contains 8H less than the acid C14 H,4 O4, 
for the boiling-point of which the Table gives 213, and its boiling-point by calculation 
wiU be 213 + 8x5=253. 
Allyl-alcohol, CeHgOj, contains 2C more than ethyl-alcohol, C4Hg02, which boils at 
78°; the calculated boiling-point of allyl-alcobol accordingly is 78 + 2x 14'5 = 107 ; or 
it may be compared to the alcohol Cg Hg Og, the boiling-point of which is 97° (see 
Table I.), when the boiling-point of allyl-alcohol, which contains 2II less, will be 
found by calculation =107 ( = 97+2x5). 
The following synopsis shows in how large a number of alcohols H„, O2, of acids 
and ethers C,, II,„ O4, the boiling-points obey this simple rule. In perusing this Table, 
