308 
ME. PEESTWICH OX ELIXT-IMPLIPkrEXTS. 
animals, and drifted wood were carried down. The materials of this freshwater deposit 
are mainly such as would be produced and sorted by the slow wearing away of the 
Boulder Clay. The clays and marls, and the associated flint-gravels, with the pebbles 
of chalk, of quartz, and of hard sandstone, are materials just such as the artificial washing 
of the adjacent boulder clay now produces in the same field — a pure calcareous clay on 
the one hand, and a heap of rough gravel of flints, and older rock pebbles, on the other. 
The level of the Boulder Clay in the adjacent field is lower than the brick-pit, whilst 
elsewhere around it rises higher. The irregular patches of sand and gi*avel on the top 
of the whole are not of local origin, but belong, I believe, to the general superficial 
drift of the district. A portion of the freshwater deposit has suffered denudation, — a 
denudation evidently of the date of that which formed the small valley running down 
by Hoxne to the Waveney, and connected with the general valley system of the district. 
This Hoxne section furnishes us with an important clue to the relative age of these 
several flint-implement-bearing deposits. As far as we can now judge, it is clearly newer 
than the Boulder Clay, and is probably older than some portion of the supeidicial sands 
and gravels. Probably of the same age, and much resembhng the Hoxne deposit in 
many of its details *, are the deposits at Mundesley, Copford, Lexden, and others in the 
South of England. They were all formed before the country had assumed exactly its 
present form of surface, — before all its variety of hill and dale had been fashioned to 
their present shape. Even should the exact position of the worked flints at Hoxne prove 
to be above all the bone-bearing beds, and not in them, still that they are contem- 
poraneous with an old condition of surface, and that over the whole is spread a diift 
concomitant with a modification of that surface, and ghing the stamp to some of the 
present minor features of the country, is in either case, a very remarkable fact. 
§ 6. GEXEEAL COXCLIJSIOXS. 
From the foregoing considerations I cannot do other^vise, concerning the mateiial facts, 
than come to the conclusions, agreeing essentially with M. Boucher de Perthes and 
Hr. PiGOLLOTf, that — 
1st. The flint-implements are the result of design and the work of man. 
2ndly. That they are found in beds of gravel, sand, and clay which have never been 
artificially disturbed. 
3rdly. That they occur associated with the remains of land, freshwater, and marine 
Testacea, of species now living and most of them yet common in the same neighboiu'- 
hood, and also with the remains of various Mammalia, — a few of species now livmg, but 
more of extinct forms. 
* In company with Mr. Evaxs, I have since found a similar freshwater deposit at Atheliugton, in the 
same valley as, and live miles S.S.E. from, Hoxne. The deposit, although small, is interesting from the 
circumstance of the Boulder Clay being seen to pass under it, and from its bemg ovei'laid by S feet of 
ochreous gravel and sand. — September 1860. 
t On the theoretical questions I differ materially from these gentlemen. I consider the Dduvial theory, 
as interpreted by them, to be inadmissible. 
