548 
DE. CAEPE?s"TEE’S EESEAECHES OX THE EOEA^nXITEEA. 
external surface ; and the absence of any such distribution accords with the absence in 
P. crispa of any of that supplemental calcareous deposit which so remarkably changes 
the aspect of the general surface in P. craticulata. 
Genus Calcaeixa. 
The type next to be described is one in which the supplemental skeleton and the 
canal-system both attain a more remarkable development than in any Foraminiferous 
organism that has yet fallen under my notice ; and their mutual relation here becomes 
so obvious, that no reasonable doubt can be entertained in regard to it. 
193. History. — The generic name by which this type is now knorrm, and which indi- 
cates its resemblance in form to the rowel of a spur, was first confeiTed upon it by M. 
d’Oebignt in 1825 ; the organism itself, however, was pre\'iously well known, both in 
the recent and in the fossil state, ha\ing early attracted the attention of the collectors 
of minute Testacea through the singularity of its shape. It seems to have fii-st received 
the name of Nautilus Spengleri from Gmelin, its specific designation ha-^lng been con- 
ferred on it in compliment to Spexglee, who was among the earliest to direct attention 
to it ; and under this name it was described and well figured in several of its varieties in 
the ‘Testacea Microscopica ’ of Fichtel and Moll (p. 84, plate 14. figs. d-i. plate 15. 
figs, i-k), who refer to the authors cited below* for previous notices of it. Spexglee's 
specimens were from Amboyna and Coromandel ; Scheoter found the species in the 
Adriatic ; Fichtel and Moll obtained their specimens from the Indian Ocean and from 
the Ked Sea ; and D’Oebigxy received his from Madagascar, the Isle of France, Eawack, 
the Marianne group, Cayenne, and Martinique. The specimens on which my own 
descriptions will be founded were partly collected by Mr. Cumixg in the Philippine 
Seas, and partly obtained by him from the Mediterranean, in the neighbourhood of 
Malta. This type may be said, therefore, to have a wide distribution through the seas 
of the warmer regions of the globe. 
194. The fossil specimens of this type appear to have been first "noticed in the cre- 
taceous beds of Maestricht by FAUJAsf . They were described and figured by L-AMAECk;}; 
under the designation of Siderolites calcitrajwides; but he totally misunderstood the 
nature of the organism, which he grouped with the Corals, instead of among Polytha- 
lamia. The genus Siderolina has been adopted by M. d’Oebigxy, who seems to have 
been entirely ignorant of the generic if not specific identity of the iSIaestricht fossils 
with his recent Calcarina calcar^ as to which no doubt whatever is entertained either by 
myself or by Messrs. W. K. Parker and T. Eupert Joxes^. It is stated by these 
observers [loc. cit.), that another variety of the same with shorter spines, occmring in 
* Linn^stts, Syst. Xat. xiii. ; Gtmelin, Syst. Xat. p. 3371, Xo. 10 ; Spexglek, Sehrift. dim. Gesellscb. 
Kopenh. vol. i. p. 373, pi. 2, fig. 9, a,h,c •, Scheoter, Einloit. Conch. -Kemit. vol. i. p. 756 ; Xeue Literat. u. 
Beytr. z. Xaturg. vol. i. p. 309, pi. 1, figs. 3-6 ; Scheeibebs, Couch.-Keuut. vol. i. p. 5, Xo. 10. 
f Hist. Nat. de la Montague de St. Pierre, j\ Maestricht. 
X Syst. des Anim. sans Vert^hres, 1801, p. 376 ; and Tableau Eucycl. et Method, pi. 470, fig. 4, a-l\ 
§ Ann. of Nat. Hist. 3rd Series, vol. iii. p. 480. 
