DE. PAYY ON SUOAE FOEMATION IN THE LIVEE. 
597 
Blood from the carotid artery 
and from the right Tentricle 
during life. 
No. 1. Trace of sugar. 
No. 2. Trace of sugar. 
No. 3. Trace of sugar. 
No. 4. Trace of sugar. 
No. 5. Trace of sugar. 
Blood (defibrinated) from 
the right side of the heart 
after death. 
-jL^ths gr. of sugar per cent, 
j^ths gr. of sugar per cent, 
•j^ths gr. of sugar per cent. 
j^o%ths gr. of sugar per cent, 
•j^ths gr. of sugar per cent. 
Liver a short time after death. 
Not analysed. 
4T0 grs. of sugar per cent. 
3'39grs. of sugar per cent. 
2 ‘45 grs. of sugar per cent. 
2*44 grs. of sugar per cent. 
At the time the above analyses were made, I looked upon the amount of sugar in the 
right ventricular blood removed during life as too small for exact determination. I have 
since, however, found that although minute, yet, the quantity is with care susceptible 
of being ascertained. Defibrinated blood is poured into spirit, and the precipitate 
thoroughly washed with that agent. The filtered liquid is evaporated to a small bulk, 
and the sugar then estimated with the Barreswil solution. The following figures may 
be given as affording an average representation of the per-centage of sugar normally 
existing in living right-ventricular blood of the dog, for the specimens taken behaved, 
as regards degree of reaction, like those belonging to the extensive number of examina- 
tions that I have made. 
Blood collected six hours after a meal of animal food; 710T grs. of defibrinated blood 
taken for analysis : sugar xo o o^hs of a grain per cent. 
Blood collected twenty-four hours after the last food had been given : sugar xho^ths 
of a grain per cent. 
Blood collected 4^ hours after a copious meal : sugar of a grain per cent. 
It is therefore evident that blood collected from the right heart, as has hitherto been 
done after death, affords an indication differing most essentially from that yielded by blood 
withdrawn from the same part during life. Consequently inferences of the ante-mortem 
state that have been drawn from 'post-mortem examinations must be abandoned. 
With the knowledge we now possess, it is easy to operate and find the blood after 
death presenting the condition that is natural to life. When an animal is killed, and 
even only a short time is allowed to elapse before the chest is opened to collect the 
blood from the right heart, it is found strongly saccharine. But if life be instan- 
taneously destroyed, and the chest as rapidly as possible opened, and the heart ligatured 
at its base and excised, then the contents of its right cavities will be found as free 
from sugar as if catheterism had been performed during life. Here the steps of the 
operation are so rapid that time is not given for the ‘jpost-mortem effects on the liver and 
the circulating fluid to be manifested. 
I think, perhaps, that this is even a preferable mode of operating ; and if expedi- 
tiously performed, gives blood more free from sugar than after removal with the catheter 
during life. Very slight causes are sufficient to determine an increase of sugar in the 
circulation. Struggling on the part of the animal leads to compression of the liver by 
the abdominal parietes, and more or less congestion of the circulation, by interfering 
