330 
THE POULTRY BOOK. 
escape, migrate in the soil or elsewhere, and ultimately find their way into the 
air-passages of certain birds in the same manner as their parents did before 
them. 
The worms, after removal, ought to be burnt, and the clead bodies of any chickens, 
young partridges, or other birds infested with these parasites, should be treated in 
the same manner, if we wish to prevent the spread of the disease. 
PIP. 
Symptoms . — The occurrence of a dry horny scale upon the tongue is generally 
regarded as characteristic of this disease, which, however, is by some confounded 
with gapes. The dry scaly tongue is, however, only a symptom caused by some 
other disease, which forces the fowl (which habitually breathes through the nostrils) 
to respire through the mouth ; in this case the constant current of air dries the 
tongue, which becomes hard at the point, and assumes a very horny character. 
Thus, in any inflammatory affection of the windpipe, in gapes, catarrh, or roup, 
when the nostrils are closed by the discharge, the pip, as it is termed, makes its 
appearance. It should be regarded, however, as a symptom only, and not as the 
disease itself. 
Treatment . — The treatment varies with the cause ; if the scale of hardened 
membrane is loose, it should be removed. The absurd plan of ni 2 iping off the 
end of the tongue in chickens is still j)ractised in some jiarts of the country : it 
is almost needless to say that it is alike useless and barbarous. 
CONSUMPTION. 
Symptoms. — Consumption, which is caused by the presence of scrofulous 
tubercles in the lungs, may almost always be induced in chickens by confining 
them in cold dark unhealthy places : I have also found tubercles in the liver and 
other organs of the body. The symptoms of consumption are not strongly marked 
in the early stages; in the more advanced state there is wasting, cough, and 
expectoration of matter. 
Treatme7it . — It is fortunate that consumption can always be prevented by 
wholesome, abundant diet, and good housing, for in advanced stages it is quite 
incurable ; where it is suspected to be commencing, cod-liver oil may be given, 
mixed with barley-meal; but as the disease is hereditary, a fowl so jireserved 
would be worse than useless as a stock bird. 
DISEASES OF THE EGG ORGANS. 
The egg organs in the fowl consist of the ovary, situated on the fore part of the 
left kidney, and the oviduct, or egg-passage, leading from it to the outlet. The 
ovary in its inactive state consists of minute vesicles, the germs of future eggs. 
In its active condition these enlarge in regular succession, until each has attained 
the size of the natural yolk, when it is seized by the open funnel-shaped extremity 
