Willis: Anglo-American Law 
29 
dead bodies, and ordinary articles of merchandise), and in- 
corporeal chattels are debts either unsecured (of record, spe- 
cialty, simple contract, remedial obligations, bequests, stock, 
warranties, etc.), or secured (liens, pledges, mortgages), or 
non-debt intangibles (other contracts, good-will, trademark, 
copyright, patent) . The conduct, in the case of rights in 
rem, is forbearance from interfering with the possession, use, 
and disposal of any of the above objects of ownership, and in 
the case of rights in personam to do some specific act. All 
rights in personam may thus be classed as personal property. 
The right of personal property also must be acquired, but 
anyone may acquire it either severally or jointly with others. 
After so acquired all others, in the case of rights in rem , are 
under duty; and particular individuals, in the case of rights 
in personam, are under duty. Personal property may be ac- 
quired by original acquisition, by occupancy (unowned 
things), accession, confusion, intellectual labor (trademarks, 
copyrights, and patents), contract, quasi-contract, bailment, 
public calling, trust, and remedial obligations; and by sec- 
ondary acquisition by act of law by confiscation, succession, 
judgment, intestacy, insolvency, marriage, and adverse pos- 
session, and by act of the parties by gift, will, assignment, 
indorsement, and sale. Violations of personal property are 
breaches of contract, quasi-contract, trust, and bailment and 
public calling obligations in the case of rights in personam, 
and torts in case of rights in rem. The most common torts 
are conversion, deceit, infringement of trademark, etc., negli- 
gence, nuisance, and trespass. Personal property may be lost 
by confiscation, succession, judgment, intestacy, insolvency, 
marriage, adverse possession, gift, will, bailment, assignment, 
indorsement, sale, taxation, eminent domain, and the exercise 
of the police power. Rights in rem may also be lost by occu- 
pancy, accession, and confusion, and rights in personam by 
discharge, which embraces the happening of conditions, per- 
formance, new contract, cancellation and surrender, altera- 
tion, breach, release, accord and satisfaction, arbitration and 
award, judgment, bankruptcy, statute of limitations, and 
change in law. 
(d) Locomotion. The right to freedom of locomotion is 
the right of a person to go where he pleases so long as he 
does not interfere with the coordinate rights of others to do 
