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Indiana University Studies 
on indefinitely, but the process of subinfeudation was stopped 
by the Statute of Quia Emptores passed in 1290 which en- 
acted that in case of any grant by a lord to his followers the 
latter should hold not of him but of his lord above him. How- 
ever, this statute did not apply to fee simples, nor to tenants 
in capite. The land granted by a lord to his followers, in any 
of these cases, was known as a manor and consisted of the 
demesne land, which the lord took especially for himself, land 
granted by him to tenants by subinfeudation and divided up 
into smaller manors, folkland, tenemental land, and waste land 
used in common. 
Services. The services required of their tenants by the king 
and the other lords who granted out lands were either military, 
divine, agricultural, or rustic sordid services, and these services 
gave character to the tenure of the tenants. Those who had 
to perform unitary services held by military tenure. Those 
who had to perform divine services (saying prayers) held by 
frankalmoign tenure. Those who had to perform agricultural 
services held by socage tenure. Those who had to perform 
rustic sordid services held by villein tenure. The unit for de- 
termining the amount of military service a knight had to 
render was called a knight’s fee, usually five hides (above 600 
acres). The period of service for this unit was forty days. 
Some of the king’s tenants-in-chief had only one fee, but the 
great lords had many and a few had as many as fifty. The 
term “barony” was applied to the greater holdings. When' 
Henry II substituted scutage, or a money payment, for mili- 
tary service, a knight’s fee was commuted to forty shillings. 
There were some other kinds of knight’s services. One was 
called grand sergeantry, which consisted of rendering some 
special service to the king. Another was called cornage, 
which consisted of winding a horn to warn the people of the 
coming of an enemy, generally the Scots. 
Incidents. Besides the services, above named, there were 
a number of incidents connected with feudal tenure. There 
were two sentimental incidents, homage and fealty. Homage 
was a ceremony where the tenant kneeled before his lord and 
told him he became his man, after which the lord kissed him. 
Fealty was an oath of allegiance to the lord taken by the 
tenant. Homage was an incident of military tenure and some- 
times but not usually of socage tenure, but not of the other 
