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Indiana University Studies 
Bailments. The law of bailments, with the exception of 
innkeepers and common carriers, was largely, because of the 
work and influence of Lord Holt, removed from the founda- 
tion of absolute liability of bailees to that of liability for neg- 
ligence only . 35 
Public Callings. The law of public callings dates from this 
period, and no one else is entitled to so much credit as Lord 
Hale for its origin . 36 He suggested a test for determining 
a public calling, and laid down some if not all the fundamen- 
tal obligations which today are imposed by law upon those 
engaged in public callings, to wit, to serve everybody of the 
class of service, with reasonably adequate facilities, for rea- 
sonable compensation, and without discrimination. In this 
period the number of public callings became many, and in- 
cluded not only innkeepers and common carriers but many 
other trades, professions, and businesses, some of which are 
no longer classed as such. 
Torts. In this period there developed the new torts of 
malicious prosecution, alienation of affections, and unauthor- 
ized printing of unpublished works ; and the tort of deceit was 
revived. 
Political Privileges. The Corporation Act (1661) excluded 
from office all but Church of Englanders. The Fourth Act 
of Uniformity (1662) established the Book of Common Pray- 
ers: Puritan doctrines were forbidden. The Test Act 
(1673) excluded Catholics from office and thereby broke up 
the Cabal. 
Remedies. The equitable remedies of specific performance 
and injunction which had come into use in the Strict Period 
flourished in the Period of Equity, and in addition equity in- 
vented the following new remedies : interpleader, reformation, 
cancellation and rescission, assignment of dower, establish- 
ment of boundaries, partition of land and chattels, bills of 
peace; bills quia timet (to which have been added in modern 
times the statutory suit to quiet title and the suit to remove 
cloud on title) , redemption, foreclosure, marshalling securities, 
creditors’ suits, appointment of receivers, partnership bills, 
contribution, exoneration, subrogation, and relief against ac- 
tions and judgments, besides discovery and accounting which 
35 Coggs v. Bernard, 2 Ld. Ray. 909. 
39 Allnutt v. Ingles, 12 East ,527. 
