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Indiana University Studies 
Normans. The common law owes its origin to the Normans, 
not the Anglo-Saxons, as it is frequently said. The Normans 
seemed to have a genius for organization, and the Norman 
barons attended to their judicial duties with zeal. A new 
system of courts, legal procedure including the jury system, 
a true criminal law of the state, and a law of real property 
were imposed by the Normans upon an unwilling people. 
William the Conqueror began this great work. The Curia 
Regis goes back to him, and he permitted the Ecclesiastical 
Courts to be created. His chief legal adviser was probably 
an eccelesiastic and professor of law, Lan Franc, archbishop 
of Canterbury (1005-1089), who was the author of the 
Domesday Book . The chief legal adviser of William II was 
another priest, Flambard, bishop of Durham (-1128), who, 
tho a churchman and learned in the civil and canon law, did 
everything possible to aid the king to build up a secular law 
and secular tribunals. He was the author of various schemes 
for filling the royal treasury. Among these may be named 
reliefs, wardships, and the bringing of church lands under the 
feudal system, so as to make church temporalities devolve upon 
the king during vacancies. He was able, artful, but un- 
scrupulous, and was hated by the churchmen. Roger of Salis- 
bury (-1139), another ecclesiastic, was responsible for the 
creation of the Court of Exchequer. Alberic de Vere (-1140), 
a great chamberlain of Henry I, was both a great lawyer and 
noted because he became head of a house conspicuous for its 
great lawyers. 
First Plantagenets. The work begun by the Norman kings 
was completed by the first Plantagenets. Henry IPs reign 
was remarkable for its legal development. Henry II often sat 
in court. Luci (-1179), one of Henry IPs chief justiciars, 
was joint author of the Constitutions of Clarendon, whereby 
the king tried to obtain for the king’s courts the jurisdiction 
of the church courts. But the two greatest lawyers in the 
time of Henry II were Ranulf Glanville and Thomas a Becket. 
Glanville (1130-1190). Glanville is noted for his treatise on 
the Laws and Customs of England . This was the first English 
law treatise and the greatest until the publication of Bracton’s 
treatise. It was mostly a book on procedure. Glanville was a 
layman. He had held an office in the Exchequer and had been 
sheriff before he was appointed justice itinerant. After this 
