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who recognizing his outstanding ability either also nominated 
him or put no opposition candidate in the held, until his last 
campaign, when for political purposes they placed another 
candidate in the held against him, and the party-trained and 
political-minded voters voted Justice Mitchell out of office. 
The late Dean Ames declared that this was a national 
calamity. William Mitchell’s record upon the Minnesota 
supreme bench entitles him to rank with the best of our state 
judges. 
Cardozo (1870-). 89 Perhaps the greatest living state judge 
is Benjamin Cardozo. He was born in New York City; pro- 
cured the degrees of B.A. and M.A. from Columbia Univer- 
sity; was admitted to the bar in 1891, and has been a judge 
of the Court of Appeals of New York since 1914. He is 
the author of the Nature of the Judicial Process, Growth 
of Law, and Jurisdiction of the New York Court of Appeals, 
and is active in the work of the American Law Institute. 
Practitioners. Of the great lawyers, whose legal reputation 
rests upon their work as practitioners at the bar instead of 
upon work as professors of law or upon work upon the bench, 
the following at least are entitled to mention: 
Hamilton (1757-1804). 90 Alexander Hamilton was born on 
the island of Nevis in the West Indies, a natural son of James 
Hamilton, a Scotchman, and Rachael Levine, who had 
separated from her husband, a Dane. His mother’s relatives 
sent him to New York to be educated in 1772. He championed 
the cause of the colonies when eighteen years old, wrote 
masterly arguments in refutation of other publications, and 
was lieutenant-colonel to General Washington. He married 
a daughter of Philip Schuyler; practiced law in New York; 
was a member of the Continental Congress, the Annapolis 
Convention, and the Constitutional Convention; was joint 
author of the Federalist with Madison and Jay; was a member 
of Congress for one term, and was secretary of the treasury 
from 1789 to 1795. He was responsible for the funding of 
the public debt, the federal assumption of the state debts, 
and the national bank. In 1795 he declined an appointment 
as chief justice. He argued the carriage tax case 91 before 
the Supreme Court, and in his argument for a national bank 
89 26 Green Bag 97. 
90 23 Case and Com. 114. 
91 Hylton v. United States, 3 Dallas 171. 
