IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE 
37 
it is common in Avaste places in the east. The common Bootjack fonnct 
everywhere in A¥isconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, eastern Nebraska and Mis- 
souri, in fields and along roadsides, is less abundant in Manitoba. It 
is rare westward in Canada and only local in the Rocky Mountains. 
The Bachelor’s Button (Centaurea cyanus) is not uncommon on the 
Pacific Coast, especially in California. In the Mississippi Valley it is 
rare except as an escape from gardens, although Dr. Robinson states 
that it occurs along roadsides. The yellow-flowered Knapweed or Bar- 
naby’s Weed (0. solstitialis) has been reported from several different 
points in Iowa, but abundant on the Pacific Coast, largely introduced 
here Avith alfalfa seed from the west. Several other species have been 
naturalized on the Pacific Coast. The Ox-eye Daisy {Chrysanthemum 
Leucanthemum) was found along the railway near Sicamous Junction, 
B. C., and near Seattle, Wash. The roadside looked like an eastern 
roadside. In the East Ox-eye Daisy is recognized as one of the most 
common and troublesome AA^eeds in pastures and meadows. In Iowa it 
rarely causes any trouble, for 15 years a small patch has been found 
along the right of way of the C. & N. W. Railway in Story county, but 
it has not, liOAveA^er, made much advancement to neighboring fields. 
Here and there in A¥isconsin and Minnesota there are isolated patches 
but Avith little tendency to spread. We are told by Dr. Fernald of Har- 
vard University that it is confined to a small area in eastern Canada 
and that our common plant is something entirely different. 
Chicory {Cichorium Intyhus) Avas not observed east of the Rockies 
in Canado but abundant Avest in British Columbia and AYashington. It 
is abundant locally in AVisconsin and Minnesota and has become widely 
scattered in loAva AAuth clover and alfalfa seed in recent years, but no- 
Avhere abundant. The Thistles are not numerous in species but abund- 
ant. The Canadian Thistle .{Cirsium arvense) has made its way across 
the continent from Winnipeg Avest to Vancouver Island and Seattle. 
It has become naturalized at numerous points, Winnipeg, Winnipeg 
Beach, Emerson, Moose JaAv, Calgary, Portal, North Bend, (B. C.) 
Bremerton, Everett, Seattle, Washington. It has spread extensively in 
Alanitoba, occurring in fields, meadows, along roadsides and even occur- 
ring in woods. It is not unlikely that it will be as common in the other 
provinces of NortliAvestern Canada as it noAV is in Manitoba. It seeds 
freely in Manitoba. The climatic conditions seem to be much more fav- 
orable in Canada than Iowa. It has occurred for a much longer time 
in loAva than in Manitoba, but it is not a dominant weed as in the Can- 
adian Province. The plant occurs in many counties, if not in every one. 
Perhaps in many of the Minnesota and AVisconsin counties. It is more 
