86 
IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE 
shown that the 0. Lamar ckiana now grown in European gardens, and 
from which the Hilversum cultures were derived, came from Texas, 
being imported by Messrs. Carter & Sons, London, about 1860. The 
forms closely resembling 0. Lamar ckiana, which were grown in European 
gardens and figured long previous to this, were from another 
source, and it is now established, from certain records in this paper, 
that that source must have been in Eastern North America, specifically 
‘‘Virginia.” The record of this last introduction of 0. Lamarckiana 
into England is clear, but the earlier records have been very misty. 
It is certain, from results communicated here, that a form closely re- 
sembling though probably not identical with the 0. Lamarckiana race 
of DeVries’ cultures, was the first Oenothera taken to Europe from 
Virginia, about 1614. • 
In the case of 0. grandiflora, the record of the introduction into Kew 
in 1778 is perfectly clear, as is also the account of the discovery of 
0 grandiflora in Alabama by Bartram about 1773. (See ]\IacDougal 
et al 1905, p. 7). The plate of 0. grandiflora by Barton, (1821), I 
regard as undoubtedly representing 0. grandiflora rather than 0. La- 
marckiana, on account of the smooth stem, the slender rounded buds and 
delicate sepal tips, and the stem leaf (fig. 2), which is not broad at 
the base, like 0. Lamarckiana, but correct for certain races of 0. grandi- 
flora. This plate is reproduced by a photograph in MacDougal (1905). 
Barton describes this plant as native in Carolina and Georgia. It is 
probable that 0. grandiflora was formerly common in that region, and 
if an introduction of this plant into Europe took place at an earlier 
date than the one of which we have such a good historical record (as 
it almost certainly did), it must have been from seeds collected in the 
Eastern range of the species. It is probable that the Alabama and 
Carolina plants were not identical, belonging rather to closely relat- 
ed elementary species, Init they must have been more closely related 
than 0. grandiflora is to 0. Lamarckiana. The differences between 
these races will be referred to later in this paper. 
The volume which served as a starting point in following the early 
records of Oenothera, was Tournefort’s Institutiones^ (1700) p. 302. 
Here the genus Onagra is characterized, accompanied by a plate (156) 
illustrating the Onagra flower, fruit and seed with considerable accu- 
racy. At least one of the flowers illustrated is in the 0. kiennis series, 
with short style and small petals. One with somewhat longer style is ap- 
parently shown for contrast. Nine species of Onagra are then enumer- 
*See MacDougal (1903), p. 754, for several other historical references. 
