IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE 
115 
flora forms are almost wholly lacking in the long type of hair. It may 
be said that the hybrids between O. Lamar cMana and these 0. grandiflora 
forms, usually at least possess the papillae on the stem which are 
characteristic of 0. Lamar cJciana, but their stems and' buds are less 
hairy, the long type of hair being present but much less numerous than 
in 0. Lamar cliiana. The rather smoothish aspect of the stem and buds 
in the plant figured lead one to believe that it was probably a hybrid 
between 0. T^amarckiana and one of these 0. grandiflora forms. My 
cultures of Oenotheras from this region show certain races, having 
similar characters. It is probable that some races of 0. grandiflora in 
its eastern range differed from the present 0. grandiflora in Alabama, in 
having a very few of the long type of hair. 
I regard these plants of 0. Lamar ckiana and 0. grandiflora now 
flourishing on the English coast, as most probably derived from escapes 
from the English Gardens, such escapes having probably taken place 
early in the seventeenth century, from the plants introduced from 
‘‘Virginia” about 1614. 0. Lamarckiana is known to have been abund- 
ant on the English coast as early as 1805, long before its (second) 
introduction into Kew in 1860. Among the Oenotheras at St. Anne’s 
I could find no small-flowered forms, so that 0. Lamarckiana could not 
have originated here from a cross between 0. grandiflora and 0. hiennis 
races. Neither is there any probability that 0. hiennis has occurred here 
formerly and has since died out, for the self -pollinating forms invariably 
set more sets than the open-pollinating, and thus have a better chance to 
multiply in the struggle for existence. 
It will therefore be possible to compare this — the “Virginian La- 
marckiana” — with the “Texas Lamarckiana” which formed the basis of 
De Vries cultures, if my hypothesis regarding the origin of the English 
plants is correct. 
After 0. J^amar ckiana was introduced from Texas in 1860 it was fig- 
ured in the Floral Magazine {2 pi. 78) in 1862 and copied by Lemaire 
in the Illustration Horticole {9 pi. 318) in the same year. As already 
stated, this was the source of the 0. Lamarckiana of DeVries’ cultures. 
To return to the history of 0. grandiflora Ait. there seems to be good 
evidence that this species was taken to Europe from its Eastern range 
in Carolina, Georgia, and the adjacent region, at least as early as 1669, 
i. e., long previous to its introduction into Kew^ from Alabama in 1778. 
Since that early introduction it has escaped from botanical gardens, just 
as did 0. Lamarckiana, and is now growing wild in various parts of Eu- 
rope. It is found abundantly in western France (Gillot, cited by De- 
Vries, 1909, p. 443) and in other parts of the continent. 
