120 
IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE 
changes and additions. Under the name Lijsimachia Americana, Her- 
nandez in 1651 gave an independent description of plants from Vir- 
ginia, (0. Lamarcli-ianaf) in which the characteristic crinkling of the 
leaves is definitely described. These records are all of prime import- 
ance, and the full text of the descriptions is given in each case. 
The recognition of large- and small-flowered forms in published works 
came in 1669 by Morison. When 0. hiennis was first introduced is not 
determined, but Barrelier (1714) gives tliree figures, the first of which 
is probably 0. Lamarckiana Ser., but may ])e 0. grandiflora Ait., the 
second is 0. biennis L. and the third 0. niuricata L. (See plates 3 and 4). 
The earliest figure of an Oenothera Avas in Alpin’s Be Plantis Exoticis, 
1627, Avhere an eA^ening primrose from Virginia is draAAUi, under the 
name Hyoscijaniiis Virginanus. (See plate 1). The seeds AA^ere obtained 
from an English physician. Dr. More, and the plant is very probably the 
same as Bauhin’s Lysimachia Intea corniculata. 
The races of 0. grandiflora AAdiich I have been cultivating from near 
Liverpool, England, have in many cases much broader leaves than the 
0. grandiflora in my cultures from Alabama. It seems Yery probable 
that Bay’s species 11 in 1686 AAms 0. grandiflora Ait. introduced from 
its Eastern range in “Virginia.” This was the commonest form in the 
English Gardens in Kay’s time, and it is A^ery probable that the 0. 
grandiflora plants AAdiich were flourishing in a wild state on the English 
coast alioAm LBmrpool, and in Suffolk and elseAAdiere, as early as 1805 
and lArobably much earlier AA^ere, like those of 0. Lamarckiana, derived 
from very early garden escapes. I therefore consider it proliable that 
0. grandiflora in its eastern American range had, in part at least, 
broader leaves tliaii the Alabama form, though both types may liaA^e 
occurred in both regions. Some of the races from LiA^erpool also liaA’^e 
considerably larger floAA-ers with much longer hypanthia than our pres- 
ent O. Lamarckiana. From these facts it seems A^ery probable that both 
0. grandiflora and 0. Tjamarckiana vcere tAvice introduced into cultiAm- 
tion, these forms having passed out of cultivation and become natural- 
ized in many localities in England and elsewhere, during the long in- 
terAml of about a century in the former case and nearly tAVO centuries 
in the latter, betAATen the first and second introductions. 
Linnaeus, in his Species Flantariim, cites in the synonomy, as the 
type of his species 0. biennis, IMorison’s figure of Lysimachia Vir- 
giniana latifolia, Intea, cornicidata, AAdiich is the same plant as Bauhin’s 
Lysimachia Intea cornicnlata, and AAdiich comes in the 0. Lamarckiana 
series of forms, liaAdng large floAA^ers and quadrangular buds. Linnaeus 
also cites the llorins Cliff ortianns in his synonomy, in Avhicli is cited 
