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Indiana University Studies 
was of course intended to encourage the indirect trade to Eng- 
land and the British West Indies thru those provinces. The 
situation was undoubtedly favorable to the growers of prod- 
uce in the United States since they could supply their 
products not merely for consumption in the Northern colonies, 
but for the whole export trade of those colonies to England 
and elsewhere. But for American shipping interests it was a 
blow, since the favorable terms upon which American products 
could be exported to England or the British West Indies by 
way of the Northern colonies drew many of them thru that 
route. The freights from the United States to the British 
North American ports were shared by both American and * 
British vessels, but the freights from the British colonial ports 
in North America to England or the British West Indies, on 
the contrary, were monopolized by British shipping. 
For this reason, as well as for reopening to British ship- 
ping, the old triangular commercial route which has already 
been described, Jackson’s '‘Reciprocity of 1830” was attacked 
at that time and has been attacked since. Both senators from 
Maine raised their voices against the “arrangement”, one go- 
ing even so far as to introduce a resolution declaring that it 
gave to British vessels an advantage in transporting articles 
to the British West Indies greater than was secured to Ameri- 
can vessels, and therefore violated the “principle of reciprocity 
in navigation” which the United States had formerly “sedu- 
lously and firmly endeavored to maintain”.^^ Webster in a 
speech in Faneuil Hall a decade later assailed the arrange- 
ment for being “unfavorable to the shipping interests of the 
United States and especially so to the New England States”.®® 
Writers on American Navigation have denounced it as a blow 
at the American merchant marine.^®® 
And yet all must admit that the terms upon which Jackson 
concluded his “Reciprocity of 1830” were most liberal and 
perfectly reciprocal. Whatever advantages British shipping 
reaped following the arrangement were due not to the ar- 
rangement itself but to the advantages which Great Britain 
held in the geographical location of her colonies and in her 
right to impose discriminating duties to protect the products 
98 Register of Debates, VIII, Pt. 1, 9-12, 328, 329, 685-706, 740-761, 939. 
99 Works of Daniel Webster, II, 123. 
^99 Pitkin, Statistical View of Commerce of U.S., 203, 205, 206. Marvin, The 
American Merchant Marine, 183. Bates, American Navigation, 276. 
