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Indiana University Studies 
c. Antennse brown basally; areolet rather large; galls 
more flattened, the papilla on the upper surface small ; 
Central Texas; on Q. hreviloha. var. inficiens 
d. Antennse brownish yellow basally ; areolet smaller than 
a moderate size; galls typical; eastern Texas, etc.; 
on Q. macrocarpa. var. macrocarpae 
e. Antennse lighter brown basally; areolet rather small; 
galls typical except papilla on upper surface largely 
lacking; southeastern U.S. ; on Q. virginiana. 
var. minutissimus 
/. Antennse lighter brown only on second segment ; 
areolet smaller than a moderate size; galls typical; 
eastern Texas, etc. ; on Q. stellata and Q. hreviloha. 
var. opacus 
g. Antennse brownish yellow basally ; areolet smaller than 
a moderate size; galls typical; northeastern U.S.; on 
Q. hicolor. var. pernotus 
h. Antennse lighter brown only on the second segment; 
areolet of moderate size or smaller; galls distinct, 
with only a slight pubescence, hardly separable, with 
no papilla on the upper surface ; Texas ; on Q. stellata. 
var. pulvinus 
i. Antennse lighter brown basally, yellowish only on the 
second segment ; areolet of moderate size ; gall typical ; 
southeastern U.S. ; on Q. Chapmanii and Q. Margar- 
etta. var. restrictus 
j. Antennse brownish straw basally ; areolet of moderate 
size; gall typical, rather small; southeastern U.S.; 
on Q. stellata. var. verrucarum 
9. Galls have an elevation like a “volcano” cone protruding 
on the under surface; on live oaks; in the Southwest. 
N. howertoni 
Galls are indicated by only slight swellings on either 
surface of the leaf; thruout North America; on all white 
oaks. N. niger 
a. Rufo-piceous ; areolet rather small ; gall elongate, 
without a tip; Central Texas; on Q. virginiana. 
var. alimas 
h. Piceous to black ; areolet moderately small ; gall almost 
circular, with an indefinite tip; Southwest; on Q. 
arizonica. var. arizonicae 
