124 
Indiana University Studies 
boards placed up and down. Many of them are not ceiled 
inside, and are very hard to keep warm in winter and cool in 
summer. In some cases the boards have pulled apart, leaving 
cracks which must be stuffed with paper and old rags in win- 
ter. Of these rural box houses, 10 have only 2 rooms; 1 has 
1 room, and 3 have 3 rooms. The majority of the tenant 
houses are of this kind. 
The small frame house is now being built by those who 
can afford something better than the box house. These are an 
improvement on both those of logs and boards. In the first 
place, they are larger, having an average of 3.5 rooms as com- 
pared with 2.3 rooms of the log and the 2.1 rooms of the box 
houses. In the second place, they are better ventilated and 
lighted than the other types, which usually had a front and a 
back door with no glass and one window in each end of the 
house. This means only 1 window per room for those houses 
with only 2 rooms. The rural frame cottage does not differ 
from that one of town. It is well lighted and fairly well ar- 
ranged inside. 
In no case is the home in the country occupied by more 
than 1 family. Oftentimes the family is large considering 
the amount of room in the house, and sometimes distant rela- 
tives make their home with the household, but always there 
is only one well-defined family. 
This is quite different from the city, where there is a large 
number of four-room houses which are always rented double. 
They are for the most part frame houses. They are to be 
found in a few districts where 3 large property-owners possess 
whole blocks of them. In one section of the city called ‘‘Buck- 
town”, practically all the houses rent to more than 1 family. 
Oftentimes 3 of these houses will be built on 2 lots and the 
common garden spot with 1 dilapidated outside closet serves 
the 6 families. Of the 50 urban houses 27 are frame as com- 
pared with the 16 frame houses in the country. Of these 27, 
10 are occupied by 2 families, 2 by 3 families, and 1 by 4 
families. Six of those which at the time of the survey were 
occupied by only 1 family had usually been occupied by 2 
families. These four-room double houses are an abomination 
on the face of the city. In the first place, they are not built 
for 2 families, and for that reason there is not the privacy 
which should be in every home. The 2 families use in com- 
