Fig. 15. FUCUS CANALICULATUS. 
Colour. When fresh, olive-brown, or clear olive-yellow. 
Substance. Tough, leathery ; but not coarse. 
Character of Frond. A tuft of narrow fronds from a root ; branched. Branching repeatedly 
forked (dichotomous). Every part of the frond channelled or grooved on one side. 
Measurement. From 2 to 6 inches long ; from to ^ of an inch wide. 
Air-vessels. None. 
Fructification. Minute seeds (^spores') in special receptacles at the ends of the branches. 
Keceptacles oblong ; two from each tip forming a fork ; lighter-coloured than the 
frond ; slimy. 
Habitat. Our rocky shores generally. Between high-water mark and half-tide level. 
Now Fvcodium canaliciilatnm. A pretty plant, and clearly marked by the groove or 
channel in its very narrow fronds, and by its growth in bushy tufts. 
Fig. 16. HIMANTHALIA LOREA. 
Colour. When fresh, olive ; when dry, black. 
Substance. Tough, leathery. 
Character of Frond. Like a tiny leather peg-top standing upright. By degrees the top sinks 
in, and becomes cup-shaped. In the second year of growth, but not till then, it 
throws out long, strap -shaped receptacles from its centre. 
Measurement. Frond about an inch high ; receptacles from 2 to even 20 feet long ; from J to 
\ of an inch wide. 
Air-vessels. None. 
Fructification. Minute seeds (spores) in special receptacles springing from the centre of the 
frond, like narrow thongs of leather ; several times branched in a forked manner 
(dichotomously) ; dark olive-green ; slimy. 
Habitat. On rocky shores generally. From low water-mark up to half-tide level. 
Kocks covered with the long slimy receptacles of this plant are dangerous walking ground. 
The usual comparison of a peg-top is retained in the above description ; but to some eyes the 
one-year-old fronds of this species look like pale olive-coloured mushrooms or buttons, 
dotted about the rocks. The receptacles have a special parasite of their own ; Elachista 
scutulata ; a minute alga dotted about the thongs, like dark warts ; for which see Plate XVI. 
Fig. 65. And another of the same family is frequently met with upon them ; Elachista 
velutina ; see Plate XVI. Fig. 67. 
8 
