Plate XV. 
Fig. 59. LEATHESIA BEEKELEYI. 
Colour. Dark brown. 
Substance. Fleshy ; soft ; solid. 
Character of Frond. Convex lumps, somewhat depressed ; more or less globose ; growing in 
patches upon rocks. 
Measurement. From 1 to 2 inches in diameter. From i to | an inch thick. 
Fructification. Minute seeds (^spores) concealed in the substance of the frond. 
Habitat. South of England. West of Ireland. On rocks between tide-marks. 
For anotlier Leathesia, see Plate XIV. Fig. 59. 
Fig. 60. RALFSIA VERRUCOSA. 
Colour. Dark brown. 
Substance. Leathery ; hard. 
Character of Frond. Crustaceous ; i. e. an incrustation, forming lichen-like patches on rocks. 
When young, circular in outline ; becoming very irregular when old. The surface 
of young specimens flat. That of full-grown ones rough with wart-like prominences. 
Measurement. Patches from 1 to 6 inches in diameter. 
Fructification. Minute seeds (spores') in the wart-like prominences, scattered over the surface 
of the frond. 
Habitat. Our coasts generally. On rocks between tide-marks* Common. 
Fig. 61. ELACHISTA FUCICOLA. 
Colour. Olive ; or rusty brown. 
Substance. Soft ; membranaceous. 
Character of Frond. A small, very dense tuft (rising from a tubercle), parasitic on Fucus 
vesiculosus. Threads (^filaments) of the tuft, simple ; tapering to the tips ; jointed. 
Measurement. About an inch long when full-grown. 
Fructification. Minute seeds (spores') concealed in the substance of the tubercle. 
Habitat. Our coasts generally. On Fucus vesiculosus. Very common. 
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