Fig. 116. POLYSIPHONIA GEIFFITFISIANA. 
Colour. Brownish below ; above, rosy pink. 
Substance. Rigid below ; elastic ; the branchlets soft ; but not decomposing easily in fresh 
» water. 
Character of Frond. Short tufts of jointed threads {filaments), yqyj mvich. branched. Stems 
hogs’-bristle thickness at base, gradually liner upwards ; alternately branched through- 
out. Branches long, spreading ; simple or divided ; set with numerous, variously 
branched, slender, spreading branchlets ; the last ones often bent back {re-curved). 
Length of joints equal throughout (which is not usual). Marked by four upright 
lines (internal tubes) of irregular widths. 
Internal Tubes. Four la.rge, Wr small secondary ones. 
Measurement. Three or 4 inches long. 
Fructification. Only one kind observed. Clustered spores in broadly ovate capsules. 
Habitat. Torquay. Parasitical on Polyides rotundas. Isle of Portland. Very rare. 
Fig. 117. POLYSIPHONIA ELONGELLA. 
Colour. Stems brownish ; branchlets rose-red. 
Substance. Rigid below ; soft above. 
Character of Frond. Small tufts of jointed threads {filaments), much branched. Branching 
partly forked, partly alternate. Stems the thickness of a hog’s bristle below, as fine 
as hair above. Main branches distant ; very wide-spread ; more or less furnished with 
soft tufts of long, often-divided branchlets, which taper to the tips, but not, as 
in P. elongata, to the base also. Joints marked with two or three upright lines 
(internal tubes). 
Internal Tubes. Four. 
Measurement. From 2 to 4 inches long. 
Fructification. Of two kinds. 1. Clustered spores in large, ovate, shortly-stalked capsules; 
external. 2. Tetraspores, immersed in the middle of swollen branchlets. 
Habitat. Our coasts generally ; Isle of Man, West Coast of Scotland. On rocks and stones 
and the smaller algee near low-water mark, and at a greater depth. Rather rare. 
The winter and summer states of this plant differ as much as those of P. elongata, which 
it strongly resembles in miniature ; and which it is like in the annual dying off of its more 
delicate branchlets (see under P. elongata). But there are certain marks by wliich the two 
may be distinguished. The branches of P. elongella do not taper to the base like those of 
P. elongata ; and the joints are distinctly visible in all the main branches as well as in the 
branchlets. It is also a much smaller and more delicate plant in general appearance. 
Fig. 118. POLYSIPHONIA CARMICHAELIANA. 
Colour. Reddish brown ; becoming black in drying. 
Substance. Rigid, 
Character of Frond. Tufts of jointed threads {filaments)-, branched. Stem set throughout with 
scattered, alternate, wide-spreading branches of irregular lengths. Branches short, 
scattered, almost horizontally spread, irregularly forked {dichotomous), spine-like. 
Joints not visible in the stem and principal branches, but these marked wdth from two 
to four upright lines (internal tubes). Branchlets visibly jointed. 
Internal Tubes. Four. 
Measurement. Four inches long. 
Fructification. Has not been observed. 
Habitat. Appin. On Desmarestia aculeata. Very rare. 
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