Fig. 202. CHONDEUS CRISPUS. 
Colour. Lurid purple in deep water, giving out rainbow-tints ; greenish or yellowish in shallow 
pools near high-water mark ; fading to actual white. 
Siihstance. Thickish and firmly elastic ; horny when dry. 
Character of Frond. Flat; repeatedly forked (dichotomous)'., spreading from a stem which is 
taper at base ; narrow-wedge shape upwards. Outline fan-shaped or round. Di- 
visions wedge-shaped ; flat or curled ; sometimes very narrow ; sometimes very wide ; 
often profuse and spreading; overlapping each other; angles of branching (axils), 
rounded ; tips obtuse, and commonly forked. Margins sometimes fringed with 
frondlets. Boot a disc. 
Measurement. From 2 to 10 inches high. 
Fructification. Of three kinds. 1. Masses of minute spores in prominent, oval capsules ; im- 
mersed in the lesser frond-divisions. Bare. 2. Tetraspores in large oval groups 
(sori), scattered all over the surface; often prominent to one side only. Common. 
3. Prominent warts, composed of radiating threads ; imperfectly understood. 
Habitat, All our rocky coasts. Finest in deep water. Very common. 
So variable in appearance that no description will suit all the forms. This is the plant 
sold as “ Carrigeen,” or Irish moss. When boiled down to a jelly it is good for coughs and 
general weakness; excellent also for fattening cattle. It contains a large per-centage of 
nitrogen. 
Fig. 203. CHONDEUS NORVEGICUS. 
Colour. A deep, dull blood-red ; or morone. 
Substance. Firm and elastic ; thinner than in Chondrus crispus. 
Character of Frond. Flat ; narrow ; repeatedly forked (dichotomous) ; spreading from a short 
cylindrical stem. Outline fan-shaped or round. Divisions widening a little, but not 
much, upwards ; angles of branching (axils) wide-spread ; tips rounded. 
Measurement. From 2 to 3 inches high. 
Fructification. Of two kinds. 1. Minute spores in tiny capsules, imbedded in the substance of 
the frond, slightly prominent to both surfaces. 2. Tetraspores collected into round 
groups (son) ; scattered on both surfaces, prominent. 
Habitat. The warmer southern and western stations on our coasts. On rocks near low-water 
mark. Fine at Mil town Malbay. Saltcoats ; Dr. Lansborough, Bather rare. 
Now Gymnogongrus Norvegicus. Preferring warm to cold latitudes ; so that the name is 
an unlucky one. 
Fig. 204. CATENELLA OPUNTIA. 
Colour. Dark, dull purple. 
Substance. Membranaceous. Tender and soft ; more or less full of moisture. 
Character of Frond. Densely tufted ; rising from creeping fibres ; semi-tubular ; constricted 
at intervals, as if jointed ; resembling the Indian fig (Cactus Opuntia) in miniature ; 
irregularly branched from the constrictions. 
Measurement. From \ to an inch liigh. 
Fructification. Of two kinds. 1. Masses of spores in broadly-oval capsules, formed in one of 
the lesser branchlets. 2. Tetraspores immersed in the same. 
Habitat. Our coasts generally. On rocks near high-water mark. Common. 
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