Plate XL VIII. 
Fig. 216. HALYMENIA LIGULATA. 
Colour. In the three chief varieties, as follows ; dicliotoma, a clear pinky red ; ramentacea^ 
paler ; latifolia, dark red. 
Substance. Membranaceous and gelatinous. Ramentacea^ very thin. 
Character of Frond. So variable that the varieties are classed into three sorts, as follow : 
1. Dichotoma; compressed, narrow; often, though irregularly forked; the divisions 
of nearly equal width; tapering to both extremities. 2. Ramentacea ; compressed 
or nearly cylindrical ; full of gelatine ; divided into three or four principal portions 
{lobes) ; tapering to both ends. 3. Latifolia ; flat ; wedge-shaped ; either simple or 
forked ; or cleft into finger-like portions {lobes). All three sorts have their margins 
more or less fringed with frondlets ; latifolia least. Eoot a disc. 
Measurement. Dichotoma from 6 to 8 inches long ; ramentacea from 12 to 14 long and from 
J to an inch in width ; latifolia from 12 to 20 inches long, and from 2 to 4 wide in 
the widest part. 
Fructification. Only one kind known. Minute masses of spores^ immersed in, and scattered 
profusely about the surface, as if it had been dusted with grains of Cayenne pepper. 
Habitat. Southern shores of England. On rocks near low-water mark. Eare. 
Variable as this plant is in growth, its “ pinky colour peculiarly soft substance, between 
gelatinous and membranaceous, and the innumerable dots of fructification, are found in every 
specimen and sufficiently mark the species.” Harvey. 
Fig. 217. NEMALEON PURPUREUM. 
Colour. A fine purple red which is given out in fresh water. 
Substance. Tender and gelatinous ; slippery to the touch. 
Character of Frond. Long, cylindrical ’ stems and branches. Stem as thick as a goose-quill ; 
properly tapering to both ends, but the tip sometimes broken, and throwing out 
several lesser shoots ; set with long, wide-spread, wavy, worm-like branches. 
Branches simple or furnished with a second set, of much reduced size ; all tapering 
when not broken. A few slender branchlets scattered irregularly over stem and 
branches. Eoot a disc. 
Measurement. From J a foot to 2J feet long. 
Fructification. Only one kind known. Eoundish masses of spores sunk among the filaments 
which form the outer layer of the frond. 
Habitat. South of England and west of Ireland. In sandy places among Zostra, near low- 
water mark. Eare. 
Now Helminthocladia pnrp7(rea. 
95 
