Fig. 233. CERAMIDM STEICTUM. 
Colour. Dark, livid purple, in deep water, paler and yellower in sunny situations. 
Substance. Membranaceous, but not very firmly adhering to paper. 
Character of Frond. Tufts of jointed threads {filaments') ; branched. Filaments as fine as 
human hair ; of nearly the same thickness throughout ; irregularly forked ; distantly 
branched below ; more frequently and closely divided above ; all the divisions upright 
and straight, with narrow sharp angles. The tips straight or slightly hooked 
inwards. 
Joints. Colourless. Partition-lines {dissepiments)^ opaque, purple. 
Measurement. From 2 to 4 inches long. 
Fructification. Of two kinds. 1. Minute spores in roundish capsules, sessile near the tips of 
the branches ; surrounded by several short slender branchletee^zs {ramelli) {involucrated). 
2. Tetraspores immersed in the partition-lines of the joints. Very prominent. 
Habitat. South coast of England. South and west of Ireland. On corallines, &c. in tide- 
pools near low-water mark. Not common. 
Fig. 234. CERAMIUM NODOSUM. 
Colour. A delicate red. 
Substance. Eigid ; rather harsh to the touch when fresh. Imperfectly adhering to paper. 
Character of Frond. Tufts of jointed threads {filaments), excessively divided. Filaments as 
fine as human hair, or finer, of the same thickness throughout ; repeatedly and 
regularly forked, the angles of branching {axils) very wide. The tips slightly hooked. 
Joints. Colourless. Partition-lines {dissepiments), dark and swollen. 
Measurement. From .3 to 6 inches long. 
Fructification. Of two kinds. 1. Minute spores in globose capsules, sessile on the tips of short 
special branchlets ; with one or two minute, slender branchlets below. 2. Tetraspores 
two or three together, borne on the outer edge of short special branchlets. 
Habitat. On sandy shores, often at the roots of Zostera. Generally distributed. 
Fig. 235. CERAMIUM FASTIGIATUM. 
Colour. Pinky purple. 
Substance. Soft, and tender. 
Character of Frond. Tufts of jointed threads {filaments) much branched. Filaments very 
slender ; hair-like ; of nearly the same thickness throughout ; regularly, and re- 
peatedly forked from the base. The lower angles of branching (axils) distant, the 
upper very close ; all narrow. The tips cut to one level, forming a round outline ; 
hooked inwards. 
Joints. Lower ones colourless; upper coloured. Partition-lines {dissepiments) ; swollen, 
purple. 
Measurement. Four or 5 inches long. 
Fructification. Only one kind observed. Minute spores in small round capsules near the tips 
of the branchlets, with three or four very slender branchletee? 2 S below. 
Habitat. Our coasts generally. On rocks in tide-pools. Bare. 
102 
