Fig. 239. CERAMIUM ECHIONOTUM. 
Colour. Dark red or purple when young and fresh, variegated with white when old or dry. 
Substance, Kigid and harsh for so delicate a plant. 
Character of Frond. Dense tufts of distinctly jointed threads (^filaments). Filaments slender, 
of nearly the same thickness throughout ; repeatedly and regularly forked, forming 
roundish outlines ; frequently set with forked branchlets. Tips more or less hooked in. 
Joints. In variegated bands. Colourless and transparent in the middle, reddish or purplish 
at, and near, the partition-lines (dissepiments). These armed all round with a number 
of slender, hair-like bristles, sticking out in all directions. 
Measurement. From 1 to 3 inches long. 
Fructification. Of two kinds. 1. Minute spores in double capsules ^ sessile on the sides of the 
branchlets, surrounded by several curved branchletee/is. 2. Tetraspores set round the 
joints. 
Habitat. South coasts. On rocks, &c. between tide-marks. Not common. 
Fig. 240. CERAMIUM ACANTHONOTUM. 
Colour. Dark purple or red, variegated with white. 
Substance. Kigid and harsh for so delicate a plant. 
Character of Frond. Dense tufts of jointed threads (filaments). Filaments slender ; of nearly 
the same thickness throughout ; repeatedly and regularly forked, forming roundish 
outlines. Tips (and often the two or three last forkings) strongly hooked in. 
Joints. In variegated bands. Colourless and transparent in the middle, purple and opaque 
at, and near, the partition-lines (dissepiments) ; the coloured bands widest upwards. 
Each of these armed on the outer side with a solitary, strong, coloured thorn (when 
dry, white), curved upwards. 
Measurement. From 2 to 6 inches long. 
Fructification. Of two kinds. 1. Minute spores in roundish capsules with a solitary curved 
branchleteeiz underneath. 2. Tetraspores set round tho joints. 
Habitat. Our coasts generally. On rocks, &c. between tide-marks. Common, 
Fig. 241. CERAMIUM CILIATUM. 
Colour. Pale purple or red ; clearly variegated with white. 
Substance. Kigid and harsh for so delicate a plant. 
Character of Frond. Dense tufts of jointed threads (filaments). Filaments slender ; of nearly 
the same thickness throughout ; repeatedly and regularly forked ; with or without 
side branchlets. Tips (sometimes the two or three last forkings) strongly hooked in. 
Joints. In variegated bands. Colourless and transparent in the middle, purplish-red at, and 
near, the partition-lines (dissepiments). These armed all round with a line of strong 
colourless thorns. 
Measurement. From 2 to 6 inches long. 
Fructification. Of two kinds. 1. Minute spores in roundish capsules with two or three 
branchleteciis underneath. 2. Tetraspores set in the coloured bands of the joints with 
a thorn between each. 
Habitat. Our coasts generally. On rocks, &c. at low-water mark. Not uncommon. 
10.4 
