Fig. 291. VAUCHERIA SUBMARINA. 
Colour. A bright green. 
Substance. Exceedingly soft and limp. 
Character of Frond. Fine tufts of hair-like threads {filaments'). Filaments not jointed ; 
tubular throughout ; filled with green colouring matter, which often runs partially 
out ; repeatedly forked {dichotomous). 
Measurement. Two or 3 inches long. 
Fructification. Small, egg-shaped, or lanceolate {sporangia).) containing a dark-green mass, 
which changes at maturity into minute seeds {zoospores; so called from having at 
one period a motion as if endowed with animal life). 
Habitat. Weymouth. On the muddy sea-shore. Fare. 
Fig. 292. VAUCHERIA VELUTINA. 
Colour. A deeper green than the preceding. 
Substance. Densely spongy. 
Character of Frond. A mass of tough threads {filaments) ; forming a velvety carpeting on 
mud. Filaments creeping ; not jointed ; tubular throughout ; filled with green 
colouring matter {endochrome)) which often runs partially out ; sending up short, 
upright, simple or forked branchlets, cut to one height, like the pile of clipped velvet. 
Measurement. The mass of green coating indefinite. Branchlets J of an inch high. 
Fructification. Small, stalked, globose sacs {sporangia)^ containing a dark-green mass, which, 
at maturity, is transformed into minute seeds {zoospores ; so called from having at 
one period a motion as if endowed with animal life). 
Habitat. Appin. Miltown Malbay. And on most muddy sea-shores. 
Fig. 293. CLADOPHORA BROWNII. 
Colour. Black-green when growing, but when the water is pressed out, and the plant held to 
the light, a beautiful yellow -green. 
Substance. Very rigid ; spongy. 
Character of Frond. Exceedingly dense, cushion-like tufts of jointed threads {filaments) rising 
from a mass of creeping fibres. Filaments elastic ; upright ; furnished with a few 
long, nearly simple, secund branches ; so matted together that it is difficult to 
separate a single thread. 
Joints. Four or five times longer than broad ; the lower ones thickened upwards. 
Measurement. From J an inch to 1 inch high. 
Fructification. Minute seeds {zoospores ; so called from having at one period a motion as if 
endowed with animal life) ; formed of the colouring matter in the joints ; and in 
due time bursting through them. 
Habitat. Cornwall. North of Ireland. Wicklow. On rocks exposed to the dripping of fresh 
water, and the occasional overflow of the sea. 
A plant belonging as much to the land as the sea. 
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