Kinsey: Gall Wasp Genus Cynips 
81 
rapher who appears never to have seen two-thirds of the 
species involved. 
The characters on which we base our present interpretation 
have been discussed in the first part of this study. We may 
repeat that we know no single character, morphologic, 
physiologic, or biologic, by which a Cynips may invariably be 
recognized. A hairy thorax, complete parapsidal grooves, un- 
divided foveal groove, hypopygial spine which is broadened 
nearer the tip; a monothalamous, fundamentally spherical, 
separable leaf gall, occurring on a white oak; and the matur- 
ing of the adult early in the fall with emergence delayed until 
the winter — this is a combination of characters that will dis- 
tinguish most of the agamic forms. The use of the dorsally 
produced &nd largely naked abdomen and the toothed tarsal 
claw of the genotype, folii, as diagnostic characters would 
lead to the inclusion of many species that do not belong and 
the exclusion of more species that do belong to true Cynips. 
The existence of both long-winged and short-winged species 
in the same genus is discussed in pages 25 to 36 of this 
study. 
In the following treatment, each variety is handled under 
the following heads : 
Synonymical Bibliography. 
Comparative Descriptions: female, male, gall. 
Range. 
Types: data upon and location of type specimens. 
Original Descriptions: quoted only if types have not been available 
for this study. 
Inquilines. 
Parasites. 
Biologic and Phylogenetic Discussion. 
All data presented in this study are original unless 
accredited (“acc.”) to other sources in the literature or to 
friends who have provided insects and galls for my use. All 
locality records apply to both insect and gall material ex- 
amined unless specifically given for galls only or upon the 
basis of published authority. 
The nomenclature follows the International Rules with one 
exception: Names originally published with a quercus or Q. 
between the generic and specific term are considered poly- 
nomials and without nomenclatorial standing under Opinion 
50 of the Code, but accepted in this study as binomials — 
6— 45639 
