Kinsey : Gall Wasp Genus Cynips 
83 
generation ago, when the mere fact of the existent species 
was hardly conceived. It becomes evident that the complexity 
of many a group may still be far beyond anything of which 
we are yet cognizant. Surely, taxonomic research is but on 
the threshold of data from which we may ultimately proceed 
to sound conclusions on matters of prime concern in the 
science of biology. 
CYNIPS Linnaeus 
Details of synonomy and type fixation are given under the several 
subgenera. As here defined the genus includes: 
Cynips Linnaeus, 1758 (in part), Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 1:553. 
Philonix Fitch, 1859, 5th Rpt., Nox. Ins. N.Y.: 783. 
Dryophanta Forster, 1869, Verh. zoo.-bot. Ges. Wien 19: 335. 
Acraspis Mayr, 1881, Gen. gallenbew. Cynip.: 2, 29. 
Sphaeroteras Ashmead, 1897, Psyche 8:67. 
Antron Kinsey, new subgenus. 
Besbicus Kinsey, new subgenus. 
Atrusca Kinsey, new subgenus. 
AGAMIC AND BISEXUAL FEMALE.— In the agamic form gener- 
ally rufous, rufous brown, and piceous in color, less often light brownish 
rufous or black, the abdomen usually darker than the thorax; the body 
of the bisexual female almost entirely black. 
Head distinctly narrower than the thorax if the thorax is distinctly 
robust, nearly as wide as the thorax if the thorax is more slender as 
it is with most forms, distinctly wider than the thorax if the wings are 
short and the thorax consequently reduced; the cheeks more or less pro- 
truding beyond the eyes (in the agamic female) or the eyes larger and 
extending as far as or slightly beyond the cheeks (in the bisexual 
’female) ; malar space between one-third and one-half the length of the 
compound eyes, quite without a malar furrow or at most with a faint 
indication of a furrow; with a low, broad, more or less indefinite median 
ridge; head irregularly coriaceous to finely rugose, scatteringly hairy, 
the hairs light yellowish, longest on the face and about the edges of the 
head, the vertex more naked. Antennae rufous to dark brown or black, 
often brighter basally, finely hairy (less so in the bisexual female), of 
moderate length or long, always slender, hardly enlarged terminally; 
with 13 to 15 segments, the first of moderate length, swollen, vase- 
shaped, the second no longer than wide, the third a third or more longer 
than the fourth, the penultimate segment a little longer than wide, the 
last one-quarter to one-half again as long as the preceding, the last two 
segments sometimes incompletely separated. 
Thorax moderately large to very large and heavy (in long- winged 
varieties), or much reduced in size (in short-winged varieties), usually 
a little longer than high (as high as long in short-winged varieties), 
three-quarters again as long as wide in short-winged varieties, nearly 
