94 
Indiana University Studies 
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION. Kieffer, 1901, Ann. Soc. ent. France 
1901: 435. Dryophanta Schlechtendali, n.sp. Surface finement bosselee, 
sans poils vesiculeux; galle conique. Sur Q. pedunculata (von Schlech- 
tendal, 1891). Differe de D. verrucosa, selon Schlechtendal, par les 
pattes d’un jaune sombre. 
Translation. Dryophanta Schlechtendali, new species. The surface 
of the gall finely embossed, without vesicular hairs; the gall conical. 
On Quercus pedunculata, according to Schlechtendal 1891. The insect 
differs from Dryophanta verrucosa, according to Schlechtendal, in its 
dull yellow legs. 
All that is known of this insect is contained in Schlechten- 
dal’s record of its occurrence in Ober-Lausitz in Germany, and 
in the description quoted above. Kieffer, however, was forced 
to group the bisexual forms of the entire subgenus Cynips in 
the key of his 1901 monograph, with the statement that the 
insects are indistinguishable ; and Dalla Torre and Kieffer had 
to do this in the 1910 volume of Das Tierreich. Even Mayr 
(1882) stated he was not able to distinguish the insects. If 
these authors were ignorant of the differences that actually 
exist between these bisexual forms in the subgenus, I question 
their authority to distinguish an insect (schlechtendali) which 
they had never seen ! It is, moreover, to be noted that the 
legs of the forms similis and verrucosa among European 
Cynips are already a dull yellow and light piceous, and are not 
to be distinguished from schlechtendali on this character. Un- 
less authentic material of schlectendali is actually in existence, 
there seems to be no useful purpose served in keeping this 
name out of the list of unrecognizable binomials in Cynipidae. 
There are more or less detailed histologic studies available 
for the galls of all the species of European Cynips. In sum- 
mary it may be noted that Fockeu’s study (1889, Hist. Galles: 
23) showed there are common histologic structures in the galls 
of folii, longiventris, and divisa, again bearing witness to the 
natural affinities of the group. These common characters in 
the galls of the three are: (1) Slight irregularities on the 
surfaces. (2) Occasional stomata in the epidermal coverings 
especially basally. (3) Lack of starch in the parenchyma in 
the agamic galls of Cynips [this needs verification!] altho it 
is present in Neuroterus galls, and the presence of an abun- 
dance of tannin. (4) The presence of branching, cylindric, 
or prismatic cells in the parenchyma. (5) Fibro-vascular 
bundles massed in places to form networks similar to those 
