Kinsey: Gall Wasp Genus Cynips 99 
In brief, folii and flosculi are distinct enough where there 
are considerable barriers that isolate them, but in the few 
regions in which they do come together one finds some of the 
individuals looking like hybrids of the two. 
Concerning the gradation of folii into the northern variety 
atri folii, the insects which I have from Denmark (Hoffmeyer 
coll.) include 329 which are typical folii, 8 which are atri folii , 
and 32 which intergrade between the two. Atri folii is nearly 
black and very small, with a naked mesonotum and a naked 
spot on each mesopleuron. 
Schmidt (1907) records the rearing of one specimen of 
folii from southern Silesia “with very short wings.” Whether 
this represented a deformed specimen or a true mutation 
matching the many short-winged insects of this genus in 
America, is not determinable from the published record. 
The life history of the variety folii is known in considerable 
detail. The alternate generation of the variety flosculi has 
been recognized by analogy with folii. The detailed data are 
given under each variety. The alternate form of the north- 
ern atri folii is not yet available, but it undoubtedly will prove 
similar to that of folii. 
There are numerous records for galls “resembling” folii on 
southern European oaks that are in many cases distinct from 
the Central European, Q. Robur group of oaks. Our experi- 
ence with American Cynipidae would justify the prediction 
that there are several host-limited varieties of folii still to be 
recognized in Mediterranean Europe, eastern Asia, and north- 
ern Africa. The published references which I believe should 
be re-determined on the basis of good series of insects (as 
well as on galls) are as follows: 
Dryophanta scutellaris Rolfe, 1881, The Ent. 14:56 ( Q . lusitanica Tur- 
neri at Kew Gardens) . 
Dryophanta folii Kieffer, 1901, Andre Hymen. Europe 7(1): 87 (Q. 
fastigiata). Darboux and Houard, 1901, Zoocecid. Europe: 297, 
354, 355 (Q. fastigiata, Q. toza, Q. virgiliana) . Darboux and Houard, 
1902, Zoocecid. Hilfsbuch : 39, 43. Houard, 1906, Marcellia 4: 143 
(Q. toza record only). Houard, 1908, Zoocecid. Europe 1:265, 
268, 278, 318 (inch Q. macranthera record). 
Diplolepis quercus- folii Dalla Torre and Kieffer, 1910, Das Tierreich 24: 
346 (certain hosts only), 776, 792. Houard, 1922, Marcellia 18: 9 
(Q. Mirbecki in Algeria). Houard 1922, Zoocecid. Afrique, etc. 
1: 130, 133, 136 (Q. Mirbecki, Q. macranthera, Q. infectoria). He- 
dicke, 1922, Konowia 1: 35 (Q. haas at Dahlemer Bot. Garten). 
