Kinsey: Gall Wasp Genus Cynips 
113 
At 1°C insects were still lethargic 
At 2-3 °C insects moved a leg or antenna 
At 5°C insects moved their bodies slowly 
At 7°C insects moved more easily 
At 10° C insects moved normally 
Paszlavszky seemed to find that the insects from Q. pedun- 
culala were more sensitive to low temperatures, becoming in- 
active and perishing sooner than those from Q. sessiliflora. 
This is a striking conclusion too important to accept without 
confirmation, for if it is true it suggests that the insects from 
these two, very closely related oaks are at least physiologically 
different and do not represent the same variety at all. 
The records for the emergence of folii in the following 
spring or even later seem to me exceedingly doubtful. Fon- 
scolombe (1832 acc. Cotte 1912) recorded an emergence for 
May 31, but Cotte confirms our common experience that the 
winter galls are empty, and I question whether the older au- 
thor was making the same mistake that so many of the earlier 
workers clearly made in confusing gall makers and inquilin.es 
from the galls. Darboux and Houard’s record (1901) for 
emergence delayed until the second winter finds no substan- 
tiation in precise data. 
Over eighty years ago, before the alternation of cynipid 
generations was suspected, Hartig (1843) instituted the 
search for the missing male of folii by breeding between three 
and four thousand insects within a period of eight years. All 
of these insects, of course, proved to be females, but it was at 
that time that Hartig received an insect which Ratzeburg 
had taken to be the male of folii. Hartig showed this to be 
the male of an inquiline cynipid. 
The agamic female contains 80 to 100 eggs (see fig. 91), 
each of which is nearly spherical and very large (acc. Kieffer 
1901:15), the spherical body terminating in a short pedicel 
which is about 21/4 times as long as the rest of the egg. The 
female usually oviposits in the small, adventitious buds on the 
trunks of the older oak trees, or less often on the younger 
stems of the trees, as Adler first determined in Germany in 
1877 and as Beyerinck later confirmed for Holland (1883). 
Adler’s first work was done out-of-doors, and the results were 
confused by an infestation of the same buds by a totally dif- 
ferent cynipid which led Adler at first to report (1877) Tri- 
8 — 45639 
