Kinsey: .Gall Wasp Genus Cynips 127 
T. nigricornis Boheman (= T. regius Nees? and T. longicaudis 
Ratzeburg. Emerges from March to June of the following year (acc. 
Ratzeburg 1848 and Mayr 1874). 
T. viridissimus Boheman (acc. Dalla Torre 1898?). 
The life history of pubescentis differs little from that of 
typical folii, except as the more southern range of pubescen- 
tis may allow the earlier appearance of the agamic gall in the 
summer and the later emergence of the agamic adult in the 
winter. Cotte (1912) records pupae of the agamic form in 
Provence on November 8. Faszlavszky (acc. Kieffer 1901) 
says the adult emerges in Hungary in December, and Mayr 
(1882) records late winter emergence in Austria. I have bred 
adults from Moravian material on December 5 (1928). These 
dates are a month or so later than those for folii in more 
Central Europe, and parallel the later winter emergence of 
the more southern material of Cynips in North America. 
Mayr (1882) suggested that insects kept in a warm room 
would emerge in early winter, but this is to be doubted on 
the basis of our experience with other southern Cynipidae. 
Cotte’s record (1912) of larvae in the agamic gall in Febru- 
ary and emergence in June is at complete variance with the 
data for all other agamic Cynips; and the record must be 
questioned as applying to a true gall maker. 
This variety is not well represented in the literature or the 
collections, tho that may be no indication of the actual abun- 
dance of the insect. Thruout most of its known range it is 
confined to Quercus pubescens. As far as I can determine, 
few insects have been bred from the galls on the numerous 
other oaks reported as hosts in southern Europe, Asia Minor, 
and Africa, and accurate determinations, which must await 
this insect material, will probably show there are distinct 
varieties on some of these hosts. 
Kieffer (1903: 679) decided that his own Dryophanta ilicis 
(1896, Bull. Soc. Ent. France 1896:371) was a synonym 
of Dryophanta pubescentis, but the distinct host of ilicis , 
namely Quercus Ilex, makes me believe that careful compari- 
sons of insect material from Q. Ilex and Q. pubescens may 
yet reveal that ilicis is a distinct, host variety. Pending the 
time when we can make such studies it will be better not to 
bury ilicis in the synonomy of pubescentis. 
Both the geographic and host data for Beyerinck’s record 
