Kinsey: Gall Wasp Genus Cynips 
147 
giiished by the leg coloration. The males are less distinct, 
differing in my material only in averages in color. Neverthe- 
less, the insects and galls of similis and taschenbergi are so 
nearly identical that they will undoubtedly be confused, and as 
a result our biologic data must always be open to correction. 
Lacaze-Duthiers (1853) and Hieronymus (1890) give short 
accounts of the histology of this gall, mentioning the cells of 
the epidermis which produce the pubescence on the gall, the 
chlorophyll in the parenchyma under the epidermis, the later 
development of large calcium oxalate crystals in the cells of 
the parenchyma, and the nutritive material inside the gall. 
Adler's name similis (1881) for this insect is p re-occupied 
in the genus Cynips by Bassett’s similis (1864), so we have 
introduced substituta as a new name for Adler’s insect. 
Cynips longiventris variety forsiusi, new variety 
agamic form 
Figures 17, 98 
Cynips (Diplolepis) longiventris err. det. Forsius, 1921, Meddel. Soc. 
Fauna et Flora Fennica 46: 32. 
FEMALE. — The entire body averaging darker, in some cases largely 
black; the mesonotum largely naked except at the sides, but the surface 
distinctly coriaceous or even shagreened in places, especially along the 
parapsidal grooves, most so anteriorly; the anterior parallel and lateral 
lines not prominent, not broad nor smooth; the length 1.9 to 2.5 mm., 
the insects distinctly smaller than in the variety longiventris. Figure 98. 
GALL. — As described for the species, the known specimens not as 
definitely marked, much smaller, up to 4.5 mm. in diameter. On Quercus 
pedunculata. 
RANGE. — Finland: Helsingfors, Munksnas, Grand, Malm (acc. 
Forsius 1921). Pargas (A. Nordman, from Forsius in Kinsey coll.). 
Lojo (Forsius; types). 
Denmark: Stiznaes in Sjelland, Bromme (Hoifmeyer in Kinsey 
coll.). 
Probably restricted to a more northern area in Europe near the 
northern limits of oaks. Figure 17. 
TYPES. — 15 females, no galls. The holotype and paratypes at the 
University of Helsingsfors ; paratypes in the Kinsey collection. Labelled 
Lojo, Finland, R. Forsius collector. 
In 1921 Dr. Runar Forsius, of Fredriksberg in Finland, 
reporting the occurrence of longiventris in the neighborhood 
of Helsingfors in the southern part of his native country, gave 
