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Indiana University Studies 
T. nigricomis Boheman (= T. regius Nees). Emerges in March 
and May of the following year (acc. Mayr 1874). 
Cynips disticha seems poorly represented as far as the 
number of specimens in the collections is concerned, altho it 
is known from a goodly number of localities in Central 
Europe. Hartig’s report of its abundance in his region in 
Germany in 1840 was later corrected to apply to Cynips 
divisa (Hartig, 1843, Germar Ent. Zeit. 4:398). Disticha 
remains, then, as the most poorly-known Cynips of Central 
Europe. 
The young galls of disticha appear early in the summer, 
probably earlier than Schlechtendal’s records (1870) for early 
July, reaching maturity by the end of August (acc. Connold 
1908) or in September (acc. Kieffer 1901). The insects are 
mature by October, usually delaying emergence until later in 
October or in November. Bignell (1898) did breed adults on 
October 1 and 3 in Cornwall. Schlechtendal (1870) gives 
October and November for the emergence in southeastern 
Germany, Cotte (1912) says the same for Provence, and 
Mayr’s dates (1882) agree for Austria. Kieffer (1901) found 
November emergence in Lorraine. Schenck (1865:227) gave 
the following spring as the time of emergence for disticha, 
but, considering the other records for this insect and the 
biology of the genus as a whole, Schenck’s records must 
certainly be an error or an instance of abnormal factors delay- 
ing normal emergence. 
There seem to be no further data on the biology of disticha, 
the alternating bisexual form being unrecognized. This 
spring generation may prove to be similar to the bisexual 
generations of the other species of European Cynips . 
The known range of disticha parallels the ranges of other 
Central European Cynips, except for the absence of records 
north of more Central Germany. Perhaps this deficiency will 
be filled in by further collecting. The species is poorly repre- 
sented in the collections from Mediterranean Europe, even 
being absent from the coast of Provence in France. There 
are several records for the Iberian peninsula, which, consider- 
ing the localities and the distinct hosts represented, may 
apply to distinct varieties. This question can be settled only 
from good series of insects from the region. The published 
records for this material are as follows: 
