176 
Indiana University Studies 
on, 1893, Brit. Phytoph. Hymen. 4: 67, 121. Riley, 1895, Science 
n.s. 1: 463. Dalla Torre, 1898, Cat. Hymen. 5: 283, 294, 342. Kief- 
fer, 1899, 111. Zeit. Ent. 4: exc. 4, 5, 8. Kieffer, 1901, Andre Hymen. 
Europe 7 (1): 122, 636, pi. 24 fig. 4, 4a ($,©). Kieffer, 1901, 
Ann. Soc. Ent. France 1901 : 443. Darboux and Houard, 1901, 
Zoocecid. Europe: 344, fig. 621. Darboux and Houard, 1902, Zooce- 
cid. Hilfsbuch: 41. Houard, 1902, Marcellia 1:45. Dalla Torre 
and Kieffer, 1902, Gen. Ins. Hymen. Cynip. : 52. Kieffer, 1903, Andre 
Hymen. Europe 7 (2) : 679. Mayr, 1903, Verh. zoo.-bot. Ges. Wien 
53: 397. Mayr, 1904, Verh. zoo.-bot. Ges. Wien 54: 578. Trotter and 
Cecconi, 1904, Marcellia 3: 80. Mayr, 1905, Verh. zoo.-bot. Ges. 
Wien 55: 538. Graffe, 1905, Boll. Soc. Nat. Triest 23: 32, pi. 2 fig. 
4. Cobelli, 1905, Verh. zoo.-bot. Ges. Wien 55: 599. Massalongo 
acc. Mantero, 1906, Ann. Mus. Nat. Genova (3) 2:447, 463. Dar- 
boux and Houard, 1907, Galles de Cynipides :246, pi. 16 fig. 1 (©). 
Connold, 1908, Brit. Oak Galls: 157. Houard, 1908, Zoocecid. Eu- 
rope 1: 258, 313, fig. 424. Houard, 1909, Marcellia 8: 71. Ruschka, 
1920, Verh. zoo.-bot. Ges. Wien 70 : 238, 285, 289. 
Cynips cornifex Kaltenbach, 1874, Pflanzenfeinde :669, 792. 
Dryophanta camifex Dalla Torre, 1893, Cat. Hymen. 2 : 48. Riedel, 
1896, Gallen und Gallwespen: 43. 
Diplolepis cornifex Dalla Torre and Kieffer, 1910, Das Tierreich 24: 344, 
353, 624, 762, 779, 783, 786, fig. 72, 73 A ($,©). Cotte, 1912, 
Galles de Provence: XLVI, 196. Houard, 1912, Marcellia 11: 33, 
111. Houard, 1914, Marcellia 13:26. Houard, 1919, Marcellia 16: 
130. Houard, 1919, Marcellia 17 : 11. Houard, 1922, Zoocecid. 
Afrique 1 : 119. Houard, 1922, Marcellia 19 : 79. Ross and Hedicke, 
1927, Pflanzengallen Mit.- und Nordeuropas: 230. Tavares, 1928, 
Broteria 25: 49, fig. 43, pi. 3 fig. 17. 
FEMALE. — The insect largely brownish rufous with a little piceous 
to black; the head almost as wide as the rather slender thorax; the 
mesonotum largely smooth, shining, and naked, very scantily hairy 
anteriorly and laterally; the anterior parallel and lateral lines barely 
indicated; the mesopleuron punctate and hairy with a large, smooth 
and naked area above the center; the abdomen nearly twice as long as 
high, strongly produced, but the tip of the second segment reaching not 
more than two-thirds of the way to the tip of the abdomen; the tip of 
the second abscissa of the radius neither bent nor enlarged; the length 
1.8 to 3.0 mm. Figures 87, 106. 
GALL. — A separable, horn-shaped, or stout club-shaped, reddish 
cone, attached to the under surfaces of a leaf. The cone long, slender, 
up to 20. mm. in length and 2.0 mm. in diameter, with the low base 
expanding to 3.0 mm. in diameter; the cone not wholly regular, more 
or less curved toward the tip, occasionally twisted more than 90°; the 
surface smooth, shining, and naked; green when fresh, becoming yellow 
brown or often reddish brown. The outer shell rather thin; internally 
with some compact, spongy fibers, but most of the interior taken up 
by an inseparable, elongate larval cell which may be up to 3.5 mm. in 
