Kinsey: Gall Wasp Genus Cynips 
179 
this genus, but on the basis of the gall alone this species 
should belong to the American Pacific Coast subgenus Antron. 
The insect is, nevertheless, typical of European Cynips and so 
close to the divisa-agama-disticha group of insects that it 
would be difficult to distinguish cornifex adults without the 
galls. 
Cornifex is poorly represented in the literature and, as 
far as I can judge, in the European collections, only 17 
locality records having accumulated in the 85 years that have 
elapsed since Hartig first described the species. The known 
range of cornifex closely parallels that of flosculi, the Medi- 
terranean variety of Cynips folii. Whether cornifex will ulti- 
mately be found in the Spanish peninsula and in northern 
Africa, or whether it has Asiatic affinities which may account 
for a restricted range in Mediterranean Europe as well as the 
peculiar form of the gall, are data which we will await with 
interest. 
The young galls of cornifex appear in June, and the insects 
are mature by September (acc. Kieffer 1901). Mayr (1882) 
recorded emergence in November and December. Biologic 
data beyond this seem to be lacking. The distinct character 
of the agamic gall even introduces some doubt whether the 
alternating, bisexual form will prove to be of the type so uni- 
form among the other species of this subgenus. Riley (1895) 
is, of course, in error in suggesting that Syntomuspis lazulina 
(which is a chalcidid) is the bisexual form of our present 
cynipid ! 
Massalongo (acc. Darboux and Houard 1907) has published 
notes on the histologic structure of these galls. 
Hartig originally published this species as of Kollar’s 
manuscript. Since Kollar never published the description 
elsewhere, Hartig has usually been considered the author of 
the species, tho it might well be contended that he intended 
to name Kollar as author. Hartig’s original spelling, cornif ex, 
meaning hangman or executioner, can surely be proved to be 
a lapsus for cornifex, meaning horn bearer. Under Article 
19 of the International Rules we seem to find an opportunity 
to be legal as well as reasonable and to write cornifex as 
practically all other authors have written it. 
