Kinsey: Gall Wasp Genus Cynips 
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at most microscopically puberulent or pubescent; the gall thick-walled, 
compact crystalline, with a more or less central cavity that is without 
a distinct larval cell (bisexual forms) or with a distinct larval cell 
(agamic forms) that is more or less closely imbedded and therefore 
only more or less separable. Attached singly, never in actual clusters; 
the agamic galls on the veins on the upper or under surfaces of the 
leaves; the bisexual galls are bud galls on the young twigs; on all the 
Pacific Coast white oaks including the chrysolepis group. 
RANGE. — On the Pacific Coast of North America the group is 
known from Oregon and California and is probably to be found from 
British Columbia into Lower California; also known from southern- 
most Arizona. Figure 22. 
SUBGENOTYPE . — Cynips echinus variety schulthessae form 
schulthessae, new variety, new form. Present designation. 
FIG. 22. KNOWN RANGE, SUBGENUS ANTRON 
Shading and figures indicate number of species known from each area. 
This is a Pacific Coast subgenus known from three species, 
echinus , teres , and guadaloupensis, representing in all twelve 
described varieties. The group probably originated in our 
Southwest, entering California by the eastern Sierras per- 
haps in the Miocene (see pp. 68 to 71). Only teres of this 
subgenus extends into the Vancouveran Zone in Oregon (and 
possibly further north). Teres also differs somewhat from 
the other two species in its hypopygial spine and the form 
of its gall, and from echinus in having spotted wings. Never- 
