Kinsey : Gall Wasp Genus Cynips 195 
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length of the Great Valley, for 420 miles between Bakersfield 
in Kern County and Redding in Shasta County ; but within a 
short twenty miles in southern Lake County echinus gives way 
to vicina. There seems little room to question that the geo- 
graphic uniformity of the Great Valley, providing an area 
within which interbreeding may proceed without hindrance, 
is the explanation of the wide range and constancy of echinus; 
and that the geographic isolation of the Lake County area, 
offering its barriers to the interbreeding of Lake County and 
Great Valley material, is the abundant explanation of the pres- 
ervation of the mutant stock which is vicina. 
Beutenmtiller recognized the identity of Osten Sacken’s 
echinus and Bassett’s speciosa and published the synonomy 
in 1911. He has been followed by most of the later authors, 
and my own studies of the type material of these two names 
lead me to agree. Osten Sacken’s name echinus is a substan- 
tive which should not be changed to echina as tho it were an 
adjective agreeing with the generic name. 
Cynips echinus variety echinus 
bisexual form ribes (Kinsey) 
Figures 24, 159, 160, 161, 181, 194 
Andricus ribes Kinsey, 1922, Ind. Univ. Study (9) 53: 42. 
FEMALE AND MALE. — Hardly distinct from the bisexual females 
and males of the other varieties of the species; the first four or five 
segments of the antenna in the female rufous yellow, the entire antenna 
brownish black in the male ; parapsidal grooves distinct to the pronotum ; 
the scutellum roughly even tho not deeply rugose; the foveal groove 
finely roughened at bottom. Figures 160, 161, 181. 
GALL. — Closely resembling the galls of the other bisexual forms 
of the species; perhaps more ovoid when fresh, the surface then pebbled, 
bearing low, indefinite ridges which terminate in short, soft spines 
especially near the apex of the gall; on the young twigs of Quercus 
Douglasii. Figures 159, 194. 
RANGE. — Probably as given for the agamic form of variety 
echinus (fig. 24) . The bisexual form known definitely from the Calif- 
ornian towns of Oroville and Three Rivers (Kinsey coll.), and Los Gatos 
(in U.S. Nat. Mus.). 
TYPES. — 16 females, 10 males, and 48 galls, the adults all imper- 
fect. Holotype and paratype females, paratype males, and galls in the 
American Museum of Natural History; paratype females, males, and 
galls in Stanford University, the U.S. National Museum, and the Kinsey 
