Kinsey: Gall Wasp Genus Cynips 
197 
American Museum of Natural History and the U.S. National Museum. 
Labelled Kelseyville, California; galls September 28, 1924, September 
20 and October 4, 1925, and September 26, 1926; Q. Douglasii; P. 
Schulthess collector. 
Both varieties echinus and vicina i occur on the blue oak, Q. 
Douglasii , and the galls of the two cannot be distinguished. 
The small size, dark color, and smoother foveae of vicina 
clearly differentiate most of the material I have. The bi- 
sexual forms of echinus and vicina are about as close as the 
agamic forms, but they do show differences enough to lend 
some weight to our recognition of two varieties here. The 
insects of the agamic vicina are not entirely distinct from 
those of either varieties schulthessae or mista, but these three 
varieties are separated by their distinctive galls and hosts. 
While echinus occurs thruout the Great Valley, vicina is 
probably restricted to a narrow area bordering the Valley. 
Jepson defines this area (1925, Manual Flowering Plants 
Calif., p. 12) for the higher plants. The localities recorded 
for vicina i are all adjacent to the Great Valley but at points 
spread over several hundred miles. Vicina cannot be consid- 
ered a trivial variant of echinus , for we have enough material 
of echinus to understand its distribution and variation. At 
three of the localities for vicina some typical echinus insects 
were obtained, but the insects do interbreed in places. 
At Colfax, in Placer County, where we might have expected 
vicina, a dozen insects collected by Mr. Leach (in 1922) proved 
to be typical echinus. 
The life history of vicina probably matches that of echinus. 
Galls not more than two-thirds mature were collected at Lower 
Lake on August 28 (1927). Mature galls were collected at 
Inskip on September 9 (in 1925), and at Kelseyville on Sep- 
tember 26 (in 1926) and 28 (in 1924). Some of the Bart- 
lett Mountain material collected October 81 (in 1926) emerged 
(out-of-doors at Bloomington, Indiana) on January 8 and 21 
(1927), while other galls of the same collection still contained 
larvae on February 1 (1927). Two of these larvae matured 
into adults which emerged at some (undetermined) date after 
the first of February. The Inskip material emerged about 
the middle of January (in 1925), and on January 20 (1925) 
some dead and some live adults were in the breeding bags, 
while some dead and some live adults were still in the galls. 
