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Indiana University Studies 
January 29 ten adults were found emerged and dead while 
live gall maker larvae were still in the galls. These larvae 
were active at noon of that day, altho the official temperature 
record was but 88° F., and our breeding box still contained 
ice; and the activity of the larvae was the more remarkable 
when it is noted that a temperature of 0°F. had been recorded 
only six hours before. A number of adults later emerged 
from these galls, on dates between January 30 and February 
10. Xnquilines emerged from some of our galls early in the 
June (1927) following the emergence of the gall makers. 
The insects of schulthessae closely resemble the insects of 
vicina , a Lake County variety which occurs on Q. Douglasii, 
but vicina galls are indistinguishable from those of echinus , 
while the galls of schulthessae are very distinct in form. 
The bisexual generation of this variety is form atrata, for 
the first collection of which we were again indebted to Miss 
Schulthess’ labors. 
Cymps echinus variety schulthessae 
bisexual form atrata, new form 
Figures 26, 166, 183 
FEMALE AND MALE. — With the first four or five segments of 
the antennae in the female rufous yellow, the entire antenna brownish 
black in the male; parapsidal grooves quite indistinct anteriorly; the 
scutellum irregularly and distinctly (tho not deeply) rugose; the foveal 
groove more or less smooth at bottom. Figures 166, 183. 
GALL. — Resembling the galls of the other bisexual forms of the 
species, but more nearly spherical when fresh, with fewer irregularities 
and practically no spines on the surface; on the young twigs of Quercus 
durata (and probably Q. dumosa) . 
RANGE. — Probably as given for the agamic form of schulthessae 
(fig. 26). The bisexual form known definitely only from Kelsey ville, 
California (P. Schulthess coll.), and from Paraiso Springs, California 
(in U.S. Nat. Mus.). 
TYPES. — 2 females, 1 male, and 6 galls, in the Kinsey collection. 
Labelled Kelseyville, California; May 1, 1925; Q. durata; P. Schulthess 
collector. 
From the galls collected on May 1 (1925, at Kelseyville) 
adults emerged by May 13. This is the latest date we have 
for any of the bisexual insects of this species. 
