232 
Indiana University Studies 
and Mr. Leach, I have series of the galls and of the adults 
from a number of localities. Galls collected at Kelseyville on 
September 25 (in 1926) were fully grown but contained very 
small larvae. The galls collected at the same locality on 
October 4 (in 1925) contained larvae that were still not 
mature. The galls collected at Yorkville on October 22 and at 
Clover dale on October 26 (both in 1922) contained live adults 
in November. Adults emerged from Kelseyville material, 
bred at Bloomington, Indiana, from January 22 to February 
5, 1926, at a season when we were having freezing tempera- 
tures every night and a zero temperature on one occasion. 
Some of the adults had already escaped from the material 
collected at Cottonwood by Gambs in January, but others 
emerged on January 23. Old galls of the previous year’s 
growth may be found as late as October 25 (as at Clear Lake 
in 1923), together with the fully-grown galls of the new 
generation. 
From one small gall I cut an adult 1.5 mm. in length. It is 
a miniature of the normal insect except in having fewer spots 
in the wings, and in being generally less hairy. 
Heldae has usually been considered one of the most distinct 
species on our Pacific Coast, and this judgment is well applied 
to the gall produced by this insect. But the insect, as far as 
I can see, and as Fullaway pointed out in his original descrip- 
tion, is practically identical with C. multipunctata conspicua. 
The two occur on the same jspecies of oak, and they alone, 
among all species of Cynips, produce galls on the petioles and 
young twigs as well as on the leaves of the oak. Conspicua is 
unknown and there is no other Besbicus except heldae on Q. 
lobata in the Mendocino-Lake County area. The galls of 
conspicua and heldae (see figs. 195 and 198) are identical in 
plan, altho they do differ so much in superficial form. These 
several considerations lead me to believe that heldae and 
conspicua are derived from the same stock, and represent the 
closest of existent relatives of that stock. 
Cynips (Besbicus) maculosa Weld 
agamic forms 
FEMALE. — -Head hardly narrower than the thorax, entirely rich 
rufous; the fourth antennal segment of only moderate length; thorax 
large, moderately heavy, about as high as long, uniformly rich rufous; 
