244 
Indiana University Studies 
It was, of course, to have been expected that an alternating, 
bisexual generation of long-winged insects would be dis- 
covered, and it should have awakened some interest to know 
that the bisexual form of as common an eastern American 
species as fulvicollis was not yet recognized. We are now 
taking Cynips pallipes (Bassett) to be this bisexual form of 
the variety fulvicollis, and the subgeneric characteristics of 
pallipes have allowed us to recognize the Southwestern 
plumbea as the second species of the subgenus. The data for 
these conclusions are given under pallipes and plumbea 
respectively. 
The wing-body ratio of the normal insect of Philonix is 
1.17, the shortest normal wing in the genus Cynips and a 
wing that is noticeable to the naked eye as shorter than the 
normal wing of Acraspis. The hypopygial spine of the long- 
winged form is broader than in any of the other subgenera 
except Antron and Besbicus. In the short-winged agamic 
forms, the spine is as much warped from the normal as it is 
in the subgenus Acraspis. 
Since the connection of the long-winged plumbea with the 
eastern fidvicollis, there remains small reason for debating 
the relation of fulvicollis to the rest of the genus Cynips. 
Even the short-winged forms of fulvicollis show the head 
characters, the size, pubescence, thoracic sculpture, the 
foveal groove, the leg characters including the tarsal claws, 
and the distinctive hypopygial spine of true Cynips. Direct 
comparison with folii, the genotype, should be convincing 
proof of this relationship if one makes allowance for the 
reduced size of the wings and of the thorax and the increased 
size of the abdomen. 
The galls of both fulvicollis and plumbea are those of 
typical Cynips. The agamic galls resemble those of Cynips 
mellea of the eastern United States and Cynips multipunctata 
of the Pacific coast. The dates of appearance and maturity 
of the galls of fulvicollis and plumbea, and the early maturity 
but late, mid-winter emergence of the agamic insects are so 
typical of Cynips that they are among the strongest reasons 
for including these species in the genus. 
