Kinsey: Gall Wasp Genus Cynips 
247 
The gall of this species is not uncommon in the mountains 
of southern Arizona, altho we have nowhere seen it as abun- 
dant as fulvicollis is in the East. The species occurs on both 
Q. oblong if olia and Q. arizoniea thruout the forested eleva- 
tions below six or seven thousand feet, and the insects agree 
with many other Cynipidae in showing no appreciable varia- 
tion on these two oaks. The galls of plumbea seem more 
firmly attached to the leaves than the galls of the easily 
deciduous fulvicollis . Plumbea galls probably begin develop- 
ment at some time in June. Weld found pupae in some galls 
on December 7 (1921), but a mature adult in another gall as 
early as November 24. This adult, when cut from the gall, 
lived in a pill box until January 1, just as it would have lived 
for some time as an adult before emerging from the gall. In 
this delayed emergence plumbea is in accord with the other 
species of Cynips . As dates of emergence of the adult, Weld 
records November 22, December 14 and 30, January 8, 12, 13, 
24, and 25, and February 3, 4, and 6. I bred insects on 
January 6, on other dates in the first half of January? and at 
some date (unrecorded) after January 16 (gall in 1920). 
By analogy with Cynips fulvicollis of the present subgenus, 
the bisexual form of plumbea may be expected in a small, 
seed-like gall occurring in the buds of the oaks early in the 
spring. 
The hairy abdomen of this insect led Weld to describe it 
as a Cynips , by which he meant the European genus Adleria 
instead of the group treated in our present monograph. 
Nevertheless, all of the diagnostic characters of the true genus 
Cynips , of which Cynips folii is the type, are to be noted in 
the morphologic structures of this insect, and the broadened 
hypopygial spine, characteristic gall, and delayed emergence 
of the adult are outstandingly Cynips characters. More de- 
tailed proofs of the subgeneric relations follow. 
Plumbea has a hypopygial spine which rules it out of all 
the subgenera of Cynips except Antron and Philonix, as ref- 
erences to the figures in this study will verify. The wing 
venation and clear wing cells of plumbea (see figure 236) and 
its wing-body ratio of 1.17 clearly rule it out of Antron , as 
does its gall and geographic distribution. We apparently know 
no other long-winged Cynips subgenerically related to plumbea 
except the eastern American bisexual form pallipes which will 
be discussed in a moment. 
