Kinsey: Gall Wasp Genus Cynips 
249 
and thorax; thorax much reduced in size, hardly longer than high, three- 
quarters again as long as wide; parapsidal grooves only gradually con- 
vergent at the scutellum and gradually divergent anteriorly, rather 
narrow, more or less indistinct and shallow, especially anteriorly; scu- 
tellum small, a little longer than wide, with a rounded tip, coriaceous to 
finely rugose, anteriorly much depressed, this forming a foveal groove 
without a trace of a division into foveae, the narrow foveal ridge 
arcuate; abdomen much enlarged, somewhat compressed, up to half 
again as long as high, not produced dor sally, the second segment cover- 
ing hardly half of the abdomen, hardly at all produced dorsally; wings 
very short, extending at the most to the middle of the abdomen, with 
more or less indefinite traces of a venation, the subcosta and the basalis 
the most persistent veins; the hypopygial spine very broad and abruptly 
truncate terminally; the length of the insect 2.0 to 4.9 mm. 
BISEXUAL FEMALE AND MALE. — Known for only a single 
variety, so see the description for variety fulvicollis form pallipes. 
GALL OF AGAMIC FORM. — Spherical, thin-shelled, gray, usually 
pubescent, the central larval cell supported by a dense mass of radiating 
fibers. Monothalamous ; up to 20.0 mm., in most varieties averaging 
nearer 8.0 mm. in diameter. Strictly spherical when fresh, but becom- 
ing a bit shrivelled and misshapen when dry; white, rose-tinged when 
fresh, becoming flesh-colored, ashen, or brown when mature; the sur- 
face shagreened, crystalline, slightly uneven, the raised spots bearing 
stellate hairs, the entire surface more or less pubescent, sometimes 
dense with a considerable pubescence when young, becoming more naked 
when mature. The outer wall moderately thin, papery or harder, not 
translucent; the young galls more or less solid, succulent, the older 
galls dry, well packed with fine, dense, radiating fibers which support 
the more or less spherical larval cell centrally. Attached by a fine 
point, singly, on the main veins, usually underneath the leaves, on all 
the more eastern American white oaks except those of the Q. virginiana 
group. 
GALL OF BISEXUAL FORM. — An egg-shaped cell with one end 
flattened; buried in unmodified buds, or surrounded by a few, slender, 
thread-like remnants of leaves. See the description under variety 
fulvicollis form pallipes. 
RANGE. — Thruout the eastern United States, known from Maine, 
Ontario, and Michigan west to Nebraska and south to Florida and 
Oklahoma. Figures 37-42. 
The galls of the agamic forms of fulvicollis are common on 
most of the species of white oak that occur over the north- 
eastern two-thirds of the United States, often covering the 
ground under certain trees as closely as pebbles on a gravel 
drive. The more southern varieties of the species seem much 
more rare, being poorly represented in our collections altho I 
