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Indiana University Studies 
part of the country, the highly variable fulvicollis (of which 
nigricollis, niger, and gillettei are synonyms) ranging from 
Massachusetts to Iowa, south to the Ohio River and still 
further in the mountains, variety major of the Ozark area 
extending from Indiana to Missouri and Arkansas, and 
variety rubricosa of the Gulf area from Texas eastward and 
northward to Tennesssee. Quercus macrocarpa and the 
closely related Q. bicolor harbor vorisi in the Ozark area from 
Kansas to Illinois and apparently without material variation 
all the way into northern Indiana. Quercus lyrata and the 
FIG. 37. SUMMARY MAP, VARIETIES OF CYNIPS FULVICOLLIS 
Each insect geographically isolated or on distinct hosts. Areas of transition and 
hybridization not shown. See detailed maps of each variety. 
chestnut oaks bear variety gigas in the Ozark area. Quercus 
bicolor in Florida has variety lanaeglobuli. Whether there is 
a distinct Coastal Plain variety has not been determinable 
from the material I have seen. There is some irregular ex- 
tension of the hosts of these varieties in areas in which the 
normal hosts are rare or lacking. Beutenmuller (1909, Bull. 
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 26 : 252) notes a Q. prinoides gall from 
New Jersey, and 1 have material (C. J. Long, Jr., coll.) from 
the same host and the same state; and this may (or may not) 
represent another variety. 
The geographic isolation of varieties in fulvicollis is, un- 
fortunately for our determinations, not as sharp as with other 
