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Indiana University Studies 
even until late in June. The inquilines appear to act as para- 
sites that have attacked the gall at an early stage of develop- 
ment, for no remains of the gall maker are to be found in 
inquiline-inhabited specimens. 
Cosens (1912:343) gives a description of the histologic 
structure of a gall of this species. His account is as follows : 
Outside the nutritive zone is a wide crystal layer, each cell of which 
is completely filled with a crystal mass. The sclerenchyma of the pro- 
tective zone is formed in a very unusual manner. The sides of contigu- 
ous cells are thickened in such a way that there is an almost spherical 
deposit at the points where the cells are in contact. 
Radiating out from the protective layer are long narrow cells which 
form the minor part of the parenchyma zone. The remainder of this 
zone consists of irregularly elliptical, thin-walled cells. The epidermis 
is covered with a dense growth of trichomes with thick laminated and 
sclerified walls. 
Cosens failed to note a thin collenchyma layer which is to be 
found directly beneath the epidermis. 
Cynips fulvicollis variety rubricosa, new variety 
agamic form 
Figures 38, 237, 247 
Philonix nigra err. det. Weld, 1926, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 68(10): 61 
(Okla. record only). 
FEMALE. — Head rich rufous, face darker (if at all) only medianly; 
antennae black terminally, the whole basal half brownish rufous, bright- 
est rufous on the first two segments; thorax largely bright rufous both 
dorsally and laterally, darker in only a few places; the mesonotum mod- 
erately punctate and hairy, centrally smoother, naked, and shining; 
abdomen in part piceous black, with a rather large rufous or rufo-piceous 
area basally and sometimes ventrally; the hairy patch on the second 
segment of limited extent; legs almost wholly rufous or bright rufous; 
wings averaging about 0.38 of the body in length, with subcostal, basal, 
and reduced discoidal veins and only traces of the other veins; rather 
small insects 2.5 to 3.3 mm. in length. Figures 237, 247. 
GALL. — As described for the species; quite pubescent; up to 9.0 
mm. in diameter; on leaves of Quercus alba and Q. stellata. 
RANGE. — Oklahoma: Tuskahoma (galls, acc. Weld 1926). 
Texas: Marshall ( Q . stellata, W. A. Lansford in Kinsey coll.). 
Alabama: Athens (gall, Kinsey coll.). 
Tennessee: Charleston (types, Kinsey coll.). 
Possibly extending thruout a widespread area in the southeastern 
United States, from eastern Texas to northern Oklahoma, Tennessee, and 
western Florida. Figure 38. 
