266 
Indiana University Studies 
TYPES. — Of fulvicollis: 4 females in the U.S. National Museum. 
Taken on snow late in November and early in December, before 1859; 
probably from near Albany, New York; Asa Fitch collector. 
Of nigricollis : 1 female in the U.S. National Museum. The insect 
collected on snow at some date before 1859; probably from near Albany, 
New York; Asa Fitch collector. 
Of gillettei: numerous females and galls. Holotype and paratype 
females and galls at the Philadelphia Academy, paratype females and 
galls in the American Museum and the Kinsey collections. From Ionia 
County, Michigan, or from Ames, Iowa; Q. alba; C. P. Gillette col- 
lector. 
Of niger: two females in the U.S. National Museum. Probably 
from Ionia County, Michigan; Q. alba ; C. P. Gillette collector. 
The present re-descriptions are direct studies of the holotypes and 
of all the paratypes of fulvicollis, nigricollis, gillettei, and niger. The 
variety appears to be of hybrid origin, and is consequently so variable 
that the holotypes and small type series are of little value in estab- 
lishing any conception of the variety. 
This is the common variety on the white oaks of the north- 
eastern quarter of the United States and adjacent Canada. 
It is possible that fulvicollis is replaced on the Atlantic Coastal 
Plain by a distinct variety. The southern Indiana material 
that is available shows gradation toward the variety major of 
the more southern Middle West. True fulvicollis is rare south 
of the Ohio River, except in the eastern mountains of Kentucky 
and still further south in the Blue Ridge. 
The host of fulvicollis is usually Q . alba. Nevertheless I 
have four insects that appear to be fulvicollis from Q. Mich- 
auxii from Letts and more insects from the same host from 
Nashville in southern Indiana and from Q. macro carpa in 
southern Michigan. Gillette recorded both Q. alba and Q. 
macrocarpa as hosts in “Michigan and Iowa.” Ashmead’s 
record (1885:304) for this insect on the chestnut oak, Q. mon- 
tana , is open to re-determination. 
The galls of fulvicollis begin developing in mid-summer 
(July 4 at Bloomington, Indiana, in 1929), but galls at 
Winona Lake in northern Indiana on August 12 (1927), and 
further south at Spencer, Indiana, on September 11 (in 1926) 
were still small, succulent, and almost solid, without differen- 
tiation of the fibers which later support the larval cell. Galls 
from central Illinois (Urbana) were full size but succulent 
and with very small larvae on August 18 (1927). The gall 
makers begin to emerge at the beginning of either the first or 
the second winter, but mostly in the second season. Fitch 
