Kinsey: Gall Wasp Genus Cynips 
271 
The date of appearance of the adult insect will vary as the 
latitude and season may affect the development of the buds 
of the oaks in the region. In southern Indiana adults were 
emerging from the galls on April 22 and May 1 in 1927. Bas- 
sett did not find the galls appearing in Connecticut until early 
May, while the insects emerged later in May. 
This insect has gone uninterpreted since Bassett's original 
discovery, but the following considerations now seem to lead 
to our conclusion that this is the bisexual form of no less com- 
mon an insect than Cynips fulvicollis fulvicollis. 
The insect shows the generic characters of a bisexual Cynips 
as established by the life histories experimentally determined 
( folii , divisa, and erinacei) in the genus. 
Pallipes is undoubtedly the alternate of some eastern Ameri- 
can species of agamic Cynips for which at least some variety 
is already described. No Eastern species of Cynips (as cate- 
gories are used in this paper) has been added to our list since 
1882, altho new varieties are still being discovered. 
The only agamic Cynips known east of the Mississippi River 
are fulvicollis, centricola, mellea, villosa, gemmula, pezoma- 
choides, and hirta. 
Centricola is strictly confined to Quercus stellata, an oak so 
distinct from Q. alba that no white oak insect like pallipes is 
likely to prove the alternate of centricola. Pallipes has a wing- 
body ratio averaging 1.17 while in centricola the ratio is 1.35. 
This difference is noticeable to the naked eye, and quite con- 
stant upon precise measurement. 
Hirta and gemmula are confined to the chestnut oaks and 
Q. macrocarpa. Pallipes cannot represent the Q. alba branch 
of the hirta- gemmula stock because Cynips pezomachoides is 
certainly that Q. alba branch ; and bicolens, the experimentally 
determined bisexual form of pezomachoides , is at least spe- 
cifically distinct from pallipes. 
Indeed, pallipes is more remote from bicolens, for its hypo- 
pygial spine is distinctly broader and its wing-body ratio is 
not above 1.17. In a long-winged Acraspis it should be 1.30. 
It should again be emphasized that this ratio is one of the 
most constant of generic or subgeneric characters among Cyn- 
ipidae, except in cases where the wings are distinctly aborted. 
The wing of pallipes is not aborted, for the venation is per- 
fectly normal and without the shortening of the radial cell 
