Kinsey: Gall Wasp Genus Cynips 
287 
a very minute point; up to 28.0 mm., more often between 14.0 and 21.0 
mm. in diameter; perfectly smooth, under a lens showing a strictly 
smooth or a microscopically coriaceous surface or something intermedi- 
ate; the older galls naked or bearing a very few stellate hairs, the 
younger galls more clothed in hairs and even finely pubescent, the older 
galls naked or bearing a very few stellate hairs; the surfaces of older 
galls dull to shining; the younger galls deep rose; the older galls light 
yellowish or pinkish brown to rosy pink and occasionally russet or 
darker, the lighter galls rarely marked or spotted; the shell thin, in 
some galls twice as thick as in others, sometimes thin enough to be 
translucent. Internally containing an oval larval cell about 3.0 mm. 
in length, the cell held centrally by fine, mostly unbranched, not abun- 
dant, radiating fibers varying from silky yellow to dark brown in color, 
these fibers interspersed with an occasional thicker fiber especially be- 
tween the larval cell and the base of the gall; more abundant, much 
shorter fibers set on the inside of the shell and on the larval cell. At- 
tached to leaf veins, on the upper or under surfaces, usually on the 
under surfaces of leaves of practically all of the white oaks of the 
regions in which the species occurs. Figure 197. 
RANGE. — Southern Colorado and western Texas to Arizona, to be 
expected in Mexico and southward as far as oaks go. 
In onr Southwest and apparently southward in Mexico there 
are few cynipid productions more common in the autumn 
than the oak-apple galls of the several varieties of Cynips bella 
and Cynips dugesi. These are closely related but neverthe- 
less distinct species, each with a number of distinct varieties. 
The galls of all of these varieties of both species are, however, 
exactly the same. 
The more evident anterior parallel lines, the median ridge 
on the scutellum, the broad, undivided foveal groove, the 
shorter hypopygial spine, and the abundant spotting of the 
wing involving even the basal and radial cells are characters 
which separate all of the varieties of bella from all of the 
varieties of dugesi and prove the existence of two distinct 
species here. In each of the oak-inhabited areas of New Mex- 
ico and Arizona (and probably Mexico) a variety of each 
species may be found, growing side by side without in- 
terbreeding, at least as far as shown in any of the ma- 
terial I have examined. One of the known varieties of 
bella occurs in southern Arizona and New Mexico, another 
belongs to the Apache Trail country of Arizona, and a third 
is in the mountains of West Texas. In each of these, as well 
as in at least two other faunal areas, dugesi is also represented 
by a distinct variety. 
